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Peer-reviewedCC BYBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

The Effects of Psychological Counseling Types on Stress, Athlete Burnout, and Resilience in Athletes: AI Chatbot vs. Face-to-Face Counseling.

  • Ga-Young Kim1
  • Hye Jin Yang2
  • Chulhwan Choi3
  • Chul-Ho Bum4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Human Movement Studies and Special Education, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
  2. 2Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea.
  3. 3Department of Physical Education, Gachon University, Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea.
  4. 4Department of Golf Industry, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract

This study examined the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot counseling and face-to-face counseling on perceived stress, athlete burnout, and resilience among athletes. In this three-arm quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study, 73 athletes participated in AI chatbot counseling, face-to-face counseling, or a control condition over a 12-week intervention period. Nonparametric longitudinal analyses revealed significant group-by-time interactions. After adjustment for multiplicity, significant group-by-time interactions were observed for perceived stress and reduced sense of accomplishment, a sub-variable of athlete burnout. Perceived stress significantly decreased in the face-to-face counseling group, whereas reduced sense of accomplishment significantly decreased in the AI chatbot counseling group. For supportiveness, a sub-variable of resilience, the group-by-time interaction was significant before multiplicity adjustment but did not remain significant after adjustment. These findings indicate different patterns of change across the counseling conditions and psychological outcomes. Given the quasi-experimental design and baseline differences among the groups, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and further investigation is needed to clarify the potential roles of AI chatbot counseling and face-to-face counseling in supporting athletes' psychological well-being.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kim2026effects,
  title = {{The Effects of Psychological Counseling Types on Stress, Athlete Burnout, and Resilience in Athletes: AI Chatbot vs. Face-to-Face Counseling.}},
  author = {Ga-Young Kim and Hye Jin Yang and Chulhwan Choi and Chul-Ho Bum},
  journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/bs16101805},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42938523},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Effects of Psychological Counseling Types on Stress, Athlete Burnout, and Resilience in Athletes: AI Chatbot vs. Face-to-Face Counseling.
AU  - Ga-Young Kim
AU  - Hye Jin Yang
AU  - Chulhwan Choi
AU  - Chul-Ho Bum
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/02
JO  - Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
DO  - 10.3390/bs16101805
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42938523
AB  - This study examined the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot counseling and face-to-face counseling on perceived stress, athlete burnout, and resilience among athletes. In this three-arm quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study, 73 athletes participated in AI chatbot counseling, face-to-face counseling, or a control condition over a 12-week intervention period. Nonparametric longitudinal analyses revealed significant group-by-time interactions. After adjustment for multiplicity, significant group-by-time interactions were observed for perceived stress and reduced sense of accomplishment, a sub-variable of athlete burnout. Perceived stress significantly decreased in the face-to-face counseling group, whereas reduced sense of accomplishment significantly decreased in the AI chatbot counseling group. For supportiveness, a sub-variable of resilience, the group-by-time interaction was significant before multiplicity adjustment but did not remain significant after adjustment. These findings indicate different patterns of change across the counseling conditions and psychological outcomes. Given the quasi-experimental design and baseline differences among the groups, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and further investigation is needed to clarify the potential roles of AI chatbot counseling and face-to-face counseling in supporting athletes' psychological well-being.
SN  - 2076-328X
ER  -