Gut Microbiota and Nutritional Aspects in Pancreatic Diseases: A Narrative Review
- 1Student Scientific Society at the Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- 2Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
- 3Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego Street, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
Abstract
Pancreatic diseases, including acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP), pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus (T3cDM), autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), and pancreatic cancer (PDAC), are associated with metabolic, inflammatory, and nutritional disturbances. Increasing evidence indicates a bidirectional relationship between pancreatic diseases and the gut microbiota. On the one hand, alterations in microbial composition and function, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and bacterial translocation may contribute to their pathogenesis and progression. On the other hand, pancreatic diseases and associated changes in nutrition and treatment may affect the composition and function of the gut microbiota. This narrative review aimed to discuss the role of the gut microbiota and nutritional aspects in selected pancreatic diseases. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched up to May 2026 for English-language publications, with emphasis on studies from the previous 10 years, while earlier relevant studies were also considered. Google Scholar was used as a supplementary source. Human observational, experimental and mechanistic studies, as well as secondary literature, were considered, addressing pancreatic microbiota, intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, nutrition, and microbiota-targeted interventions. Available evidence indicates that pancreatic diseases are associated with alterations in gut and pancreatic microbial communities, although the reported patterns vary between diseases and studies. These changes may be relevant to intestinal barrier integrity, inflammatory signaling, microbial metabolite production, and, in pancreatic cancer, the tumor microenvironment and treatment response. Nutritional management remains an important component of care, particularly in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and those at risk of malnutrition. However, the causal relationships between pancreatic diseases and microbiota alterations remain incompletely established, and evidence for microbiota-targeted interventions is limited and heterogeneous. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify these interactions and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.
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BibTeX
@article{szwarc2026microbiota,
title = {{Gut Microbiota and Nutritional Aspects in Pancreatic Diseases: A Narrative Review}},
author = {Klara Szwarc and Joanna Witkowska and Agnieszka Dobrowolska and Agnieszka Zawada},
journal = {Nutrients},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/nu18193297},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666904},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Gut Microbiota and Nutritional Aspects in Pancreatic Diseases: A Narrative Review
AU - Klara Szwarc
AU - Joanna Witkowska
AU - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
AU - Agnieszka Zawada
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Nutrients
DO - 10.3390/nu18193297
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666904
AB - Pancreatic diseases, including acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP), pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus (T3cDM), autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), and pancreatic cancer (PDAC), are associated with metabolic, inflammatory, and nutritional disturbances. Increasing evidence indicates a bidirectional relationship between pancreatic diseases and the gut microbiota. On the one hand, alterations in microbial composition and function, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and bacterial translocation may contribute to their pathogenesis and progression. On the other hand, pancreatic diseases and associated changes in nutrition and treatment may affect the composition and function of the gut microbiota. This narrative review aimed to discuss the role of the gut microbiota and nutritional aspects in selected pancreatic diseases. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched up to May 2026 for English-language publications, with emphasis on studies from the previous 10 years, while earlier relevant studies were also considered. Google Scholar was used as a supplementary source. Human observational, experimental and mechanistic studies, as well as secondary literature, were considered, addressing pancreatic microbiota, intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, nutrition, and microbiota-targeted interventions. Available evidence indicates that pancreatic diseases are associated with alterations in gut and pancreatic microbial communities, although the reported patterns vary between diseases and studies. These changes may be relevant to intestinal barrier integrity, inflammatory signaling, microbial metabolite production, and, in pancreatic cancer, the tumor microenvironment and treatment response. Nutritional management remains an important component of care, particularly in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and those at risk of malnutrition. However, the causal relationships between pancreatic diseases and microbiota alterations remain incompletely established, and evidence for microbiota-targeted interventions is limited and heterogeneous. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify these interactions and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic relevance.
SN - 2072-6643
ER -