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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NCInternational journal of nanomedicine

Nanoengineered Biomaterials Manipulating Lymph Nodes for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy.

  • Qi Wei1
  • Hongyu Chu2
  • Xinhao Zhou3
  • Zijing Liu3
  • Haiyue Sun3
  • Yueyao Jiang4
  • Fujian Ji2
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, People's Republic of China.
  2. 2Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
  3. 3China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, People's Republic of China.
  4. 4Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130033, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract

Lymph nodes are central sites for the priming of antitumor adaptive immunity. However, free antigens, adjuvants, cytokines, and nucleic acid-based immunomodulators rarely accumulate within them at concentrations that are sufficient for engaging dendritic and T cell-rich regions with precision. Tumor-draining lymph nodes are also frequently remodelHed into immunosuppressive niches, which further limits immunotherapy efficacy. Biomaterials can be programmed to intervene in lymph-node delivery and immune regulation through the rational design of their particle size, surface charge, surface chemistry, ligand modification, and stimuli-responsive release. This review summarizes recent progress in biomaterial-mediated lymph-node engineering for cancer immunotherapy. We highlight two delivery routes, namely passive drainage and active targeting, and discuss how biomaterials achieve the spatiotemporal coordination of dendritic-cell activation, major histocompatibility complex class I cross-presentation, and T cell priming within lymph nodes. We further examine strategies for constructing artificial lymphoid tissues, including 3D-printed scaffolds and the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures, and discuss the opportunities and challenges of clinical translation. These advances offer new engineering perspectives for developing lymph node-targeted delivery systems toward clinical use.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{wei2026nanoengineered,
  title = {{Nanoengineered Biomaterials Manipulating Lymph Nodes for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy.}},
  author = {Qi Wei and Hongyu Chu and Xinhao Zhou and Zijing Liu and Haiyue Sun and Yueyao Jiang and Fujian Ji},
  journal = {International journal of nanomedicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.2147/ijn.s622059},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953800},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Nanoengineered Biomaterials Manipulating Lymph Nodes for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy.
AU  - Qi Wei
AU  - Hongyu Chu
AU  - Xinhao Zhou
AU  - Zijing Liu
AU  - Haiyue Sun
AU  - Yueyao Jiang
AU  - Fujian Ji
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/24
JO  - International journal of nanomedicine
DO  - 10.2147/ijn.s622059
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953800
AB  - Lymph nodes are central sites for the priming of antitumor adaptive immunity. However, free antigens, adjuvants, cytokines, and nucleic acid-based immunomodulators rarely accumulate within them at concentrations that are sufficient for engaging dendritic and T cell-rich regions with precision. Tumor-draining lymph nodes are also frequently remodelHed into immunosuppressive niches, which further limits immunotherapy efficacy. Biomaterials can be programmed to intervene in lymph-node delivery and immune regulation through the rational design of their particle size, surface charge, surface chemistry, ligand modification, and stimuli-responsive release. This review summarizes recent progress in biomaterial-mediated lymph-node engineering for cancer immunotherapy. We highlight two delivery routes, namely passive drainage and active targeting, and discuss how biomaterials achieve the spatiotemporal coordination of dendritic-cell activation, major histocompatibility complex class I cross-presentation, and T cell priming within lymph nodes. We further examine strategies for constructing artificial lymphoid tissues, including 3D-printed scaffolds and the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures, and discuss the opportunities and challenges of clinical translation. These advances offer new engineering perspectives for developing lymph node-targeted delivery systems toward clinical use.
SN  - 1176-9114
SN  - 1178-2013
ER  -