Multifunctional structural, optical, magnetic and electrochemical properties of Co-ZnO nanoparticles for supercapacitor applications
6 affiliations
- 1Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh11671, Saudi Arabia
- 2King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
- 3Applied College, Shaqra University, P.O. Box 33, Shaqra11961, Saudi Arabia
- 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
- 5Central Research Laboratory, Vice Rectorate for Studies and Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- 6Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
This manuscript reports the synthesis and multifunctional characterization of cobalt-zinc oxide (Co-ZnO) nanoparticles prepared by room-temperature co-precipitation followed by calcination at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a dominant hexagonal wurtzite ZnO framework with an average crystallite size of 13.4 ± 0.8 nm and weak cobalt-oxide-related contributions. High-resolution FESEM and TEM revealed aggregated quasi-spherical nanoparticles; re-analysis of 19 clearly resolvable TEM features gave an equivalent projected diameter of 12.2 ± 3.0 nm. Fitted XPS spectra confirmed Zn2+ and Co2+-containing environments and resolved lattice, defect-/hydroxyl-associated, and surface-adsorbed oxygen components, with an estimated surface Co/Zn atomic ratio of 0.42. UV–Vis analysis using a direct-allowed Tauc representation gave an apparent optical band gap of approximately 2.10 eV. Magnetic measurements indicated dominant paramagnetic behaviour at 300 K with a weak ferromagnetic contribution and a stronger response at 10 K. Electrochemical evaluation showed a CV-derived specific capacitance of 13.36 ± 0.42 F g−1 at 0.01 V s−1 and a GCD-derived capacitance of 1.57 ± 0.08 F g−1, both exceeding the corresponding pure-ZnO control under identical conditions. Cycling tests showed 90.1 % capacitance retention after 3,000 cycles and an average coulombic efficiency of 98.4 %. These results show that Co incorporation modifies the structural, optical, magnetic, and electrochemical response of ZnO while retaining stable, moderate charge-storage behaviour.
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BibTeX
@article{maha2026multifunctional,
title = {{Multifunctional structural, optical, magnetic and electrochemical properties of Co-ZnO nanoparticles for supercapacitor applications}},
author = {Almoneef Maha M. and Awad Manal A. and Aldosari Haia H. and Almarri Khoulah and Althobaiti Hayat and Merghani Nada M. and Gomaa F.},
journal = {Nanotechnology Reviews},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1515/ntrev-2025-0383},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2025-0383},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Multifunctional structural, optical, magnetic and electrochemical properties of Co-ZnO nanoparticles for supercapacitor applications
AU - Almoneef Maha M.
AU - Awad Manal A.
AU - Aldosari Haia H.
AU - Almarri Khoulah
AU - Althobaiti Hayat
AU - Merghani Nada M.
AU - Gomaa F.
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/26
JO - Nanotechnology Reviews
DO - 10.1515/ntrev-2025-0383
UR - https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2025-0383
AB - This manuscript reports the synthesis and multifunctional characterization of cobalt-zinc oxide (Co-ZnO) nanoparticles prepared by room-temperature co-precipitation followed by calcination at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a dominant hexagonal wurtzite ZnO framework with an average crystallite size of 13.4 ± 0.8 nm and weak cobalt-oxide-related contributions. High-resolution FESEM and TEM revealed aggregated quasi-spherical nanoparticles; re-analysis of 19 clearly resolvable TEM features gave an equivalent projected diameter of 12.2 ± 3.0 nm. Fitted XPS spectra confirmed Zn2+ and Co2+-containing environments and resolved lattice, defect-/hydroxyl-associated, and surface-adsorbed oxygen components, with an estimated surface Co/Zn atomic ratio of 0.42. UV–Vis analysis using a direct-allowed Tauc representation gave an apparent optical band gap of approximately 2.10 eV. Magnetic measurements indicated dominant paramagnetic behaviour at 300 K with a weak ferromagnetic contribution and a stronger response at 10 K. Electrochemical evaluation showed a CV-derived specific capacitance of 13.36 ± 0.42 F g−1 at 0.01 V s−1 and a GCD-derived capacitance of 1.57 ± 0.08 F g−1, both exceeding the corresponding pure-ZnO control under identical conditions. Cycling tests showed 90.1 % capacitance retention after 3,000 cycles and an average coulombic efficiency of 98.4 %. These results show that Co incorporation modifies the structural, optical, magnetic, and electrochemical response of ZnO while retaining stable, moderate charge-storage behaviour.
SN - 2191-9097
SN - 2191-9089
ER -