In Vitro Lytic Activity and Surface Persistence of Bacteriophages and Efficacy of a Phage Cocktail Against Multidrug-Resistant Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium on Different Poultry Farm Surfaces.
5 affiliations
- 1Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- 2Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
- 3Department of Poultry Management and Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- 4Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- 5Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region-FISABIO, 46020 Valencia, Spain.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Organic matter can compromise cleaning and disinfection (C&D) efficacy, making Salmonella control on farms challenging. This study aimed to characterize the in vitro lytic activity of individual bacteriophages (BPs) against mST and other Salmonella serovars of public health importance and to select BPs with complementary lytic profiles for cocktail formulation. The resulting BP cocktail was then evaluated against multidrug-resistant mST under simulated poultry farm conditions on metal, concrete, and plastic slat surfaces in the presence of organic matter, while BP persistence and viability were monitored over time. Methods: Individual BPs were screened for lytic activity against mST, SE, ST, SV, SH, and SI, and four BPs with complementary lytic profiles were selected and combined into a cocktail at 10⁷ PFU/mL. The resulting BP cocktail was then evaluated under simulated poultry farm conditions for its ability to control mST on metal, concrete, and plastic slats. The surfaces were then contaminated with poultry faeces artificially inoculated with mST at 10⁶ CFU/g and treated with two applications of the BP cocktail at a 24 h interval. Salmonella detection and BP persistence on the different surfaces were monitored throughout the experiment. Results: Following the first BP application, Salmonella detection was significantly reduced, with no Salmonella detected on metal surfaces. After the second application, Salmonella was no longer detected on any of the treated surfaces. In addition, the BP cocktail persisted on all surfaces, maintaining a titre of 5.14 log₁₀ PFU/mL at the end of the experimental period. Conclusions: The selected BP cocktail demonstrated lytic activity against six epidemiologically important Salmonella serovars and reduced multidrug-resistant mST on faeces-contaminated poultry surfaces after two applications. These results support its potential use as a complementary biosanitation strategy for C&D procedures.
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BibTeX
@article{gentile2026vitro,
title = {{In Vitro Lytic Activity and Surface Persistence of Bacteriophages and Efficacy of a Phage Cocktail Against Multidrug-Resistant Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium on Different Poultry Farm Surfaces.}},
author = {Nicla Gentile and Laura Montoro-Dasi and Ana Marco-Fuertes and Mircea Coroian and Giuseppe D'auria and Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque and Clara Marin},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics15100954},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42938695},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - In Vitro Lytic Activity and Surface Persistence of Bacteriophages and Efficacy of a Phage Cocktail Against Multidrug-Resistant Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium on Different Poultry Farm Surfaces.
AU - Nicla Gentile
AU - Laura Montoro-Dasi
AU - Ana Marco-Fuertes
AU - Mircea Coroian
AU - Giuseppe D'auria
AU - Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
AU - Clara Marin
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/25
JO - Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
DO - 10.3390/antibiotics15100954
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42938695
AB - Background/Objectives: Organic matter can compromise cleaning and disinfection (C&D) efficacy, making Salmonella control on farms challenging. This study aimed to characterize the in vitro lytic activity of individual bacteriophages (BPs) against mST and other Salmonella serovars of public health importance and to select BPs with complementary lytic profiles for cocktail formulation. The resulting BP cocktail was then evaluated against multidrug-resistant mST under simulated poultry farm conditions on metal, concrete, and plastic slat surfaces in the presence of organic matter, while BP persistence and viability were monitored over time. Methods: Individual BPs were screened for lytic activity against mST, SE, ST, SV, SH, and SI, and four BPs with complementary lytic profiles were selected and combined into a cocktail at 10⁷ PFU/mL. The resulting BP cocktail was then evaluated under simulated poultry farm conditions for its ability to control mST on metal, concrete, and plastic slats. The surfaces were then contaminated with poultry faeces artificially inoculated with mST at 10⁶ CFU/g and treated with two applications of the BP cocktail at a 24 h interval. Salmonella detection and BP persistence on the different surfaces were monitored throughout the experiment. Results: Following the first BP application, Salmonella detection was significantly reduced, with no Salmonella detected on metal surfaces. After the second application, Salmonella was no longer detected on any of the treated surfaces. In addition, the BP cocktail persisted on all surfaces, maintaining a titre of 5.14 log₁₀ PFU/mL at the end of the experimental period. Conclusions: The selected BP cocktail demonstrated lytic activity against six epidemiologically important Salmonella serovars and reduced multidrug-resistant mST on faeces-contaminated poultry surfaces after two applications. These results support its potential use as a complementary biosanitation strategy for C&D procedures.
SN - 2079-6382
ER -