Topological Spin‐Texture Transitions in van der Waals Magnets Revealed by X‐Ray Fourier Transform Holography
12 affiliations
- 1Deutsches Elektronen‐Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Germany
- 2Department of Physical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali India
- 3Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy Berlin Germany
- 4Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität Zu Kiel Kiel Germany
- 5Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
- 6Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen Switzerland
- 7Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
- 8Department of Physics Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal Madhya Pradesh India
- 9Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata India
- 10Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan
- 11Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba Japan
- 12Materials Research Centre Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru Karnataka India
Abstract
Nontrivial topological spin‐textures, such as skyrmions, merons, bimerons, and skyrmioniums, are envisioned as robust building blocks for future memory and logic devices. Controllable transformations between these states require a quantum‐mechanical description of electronic degrees of freedom and atomic‐scale insight beyond existing phenomenological models. Here, we report an atomic‐scale investigation of topological phase transitions and their protection in the two‐dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) using a combined experimental‐theoretical approach. Synchrotron‐based Fourier transform holography directly images labyrinth domains, isolated skyrmions, mixed labyrinth‐skyrmion phases, and skyrmion bags with high spatial resolution. We compare these observations to simulations based on an electronic lattice Hamiltonian that captures both metallicity and relativistic spin‐orbit coupling in FGT. By systematically exploring a broad range of temperatures and magnetic fields, we map the mechanisms governing topological transitions and their stability. This sequential‐integrated experimental‐theoretical framework advances understanding of spin‐texture interactions and enables precise control of external tuning parameters. Our results establish a platform for creating, stabilizing, and manipulating topological states, paving the way for engineered spin‐texture transitions in next‐generation spintronic technologies.
Versions
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BibTeX
@article{chowdhury2026topological,
title = {{Topological Spin‐Texture Transitions in van der Waals Magnets Revealed by X‐Ray Fourier Transform Holography}},
author = {Sourav Chowdhury and Soumyaranjan Dash and Michael Schneider and Christopher Klose and Chithra H. Sharma and Lisa‐Marie Kern and Tim A. Butcher and Josefin Fuchs and Santanu Pakhira and Samik DuttaGupta and Takashi Taniguchi and Kenji Watanabe and Sujit Das and Sanjeev Kumar and Bastian Pfau and Amir‐Abbas Haghighirad and Moritz Hoesch},
journal = {Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.1002/adma.74883},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.74883},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Topological Spin‐Texture Transitions in van der Waals Magnets Revealed by X‐Ray Fourier Transform Holography
AU - Sourav Chowdhury
AU - Soumyaranjan Dash
AU - Michael Schneider
AU - Christopher Klose
AU - Chithra H. Sharma
AU - Lisa‐Marie Kern
AU - Tim A. Butcher
AU - Josefin Fuchs
AU - Santanu Pakhira
AU - Samik DuttaGupta
AU - Takashi Taniguchi
AU - Kenji Watanabe
AU - Sujit Das
AU - Sanjeev Kumar
AU - Bastian Pfau
AU - Amir‐Abbas Haghighirad
AU - Moritz Hoesch
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/08
JO - Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
DO - 10.1002/adma.74883
UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.74883
AB - Nontrivial topological spin‐textures, such as skyrmions, merons, bimerons, and skyrmioniums, are envisioned as robust building blocks for future memory and logic devices. Controllable transformations between these states require a quantum‐mechanical description of electronic degrees of freedom and atomic‐scale insight beyond existing phenomenological models. Here, we report an atomic‐scale investigation of topological phase transitions and their protection in the two‐dimensional van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) using a combined experimental‐theoretical approach. Synchrotron‐based Fourier transform holography directly images labyrinth domains, isolated skyrmions, mixed labyrinth‐skyrmion phases, and skyrmion bags with high spatial resolution. We compare these observations to simulations based on an electronic lattice Hamiltonian that captures both metallicity and relativistic spin‐orbit coupling in FGT. By systematically exploring a broad range of temperatures and magnetic fields, we map the mechanisms governing topological transitions and their stability. This sequential‐integrated experimental‐theoretical framework advances understanding of spin‐texture interactions and enables precise control of external tuning parameters. Our results establish a platform for creating, stabilizing, and manipulating topological states, paving the way for engineered spin‐texture transitions in next‐generation spintronic technologies.
SN - 0935-9648
SN - 1521-4095
ER -