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Peer-reviewedCC BYJournal of Advanced Dielectrics

Enhanced mid-infrared evanescent wave sensing via synergistic multi-tapered fiber geometry and optimized PDA coating

  • Xiaoya Li1
  • Chen Duan2
  • Zeyan Wu2
  • Shiru Cheng2
  • Yinsheng Xu2
  1. 1School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
  2. 2State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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Abstract

This paper presents the development and optimization of a high-sensitivity mid-infrared (MIR) optical fiber sensor based on the evanescent wave spectroscopy. The sensor employs a GeAsSeTe (GAST) chalcogenide glass fiber, which is geometrically modified into a “taper-in-taper” microstructure to enhance the evanescent field. Light field simulations confirmed that reducing the fiber waist diameter increases the evanescent field energy ratio. Experimentally, fiber sensors with up to four secondary tapered regions (T4T) were fabricated, showing a significant increase in sensitivity to ethanol compared to a single-tapered fiber (T0), with the sensitivity rising from 0.03976[Formula: see text]a.u./vol.%. to 0.23569[Formula: see text]a.u./vol.%. Further sensitivity enhancement was achieved by functionalizing the optimal T4T fiber with a polydopamine (PDA) coating. The coating, applied via oxidative self-polymerization, improved surface hydrophilicity and provided adsorption sites for aromatic compounds. An optimal PDA precursor concentration of 2[Formula: see text]mg⋅mL[Formula: see text] was identified for benzaldehyde detection, balancing enhanced adsorption with evanescent field penetration. The finalized sensor (T4T-20DA) successfully detected low concentrations of model bio-analytes, sodium glutamate and creatinine, with linear responses and sensitivities of 0.0308 and 0.0344[Formula: see text]a.u./([Formula: see text]mol⋅L[Formula: see text]), respectively. This study demonstrates that the synergistic combination of multi-scale tapering and controlled surface functionalization is a powerful strategy for creating highly sensitive and applicable MIR fiber-optic sensors.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{li2026enhanced,
  title = {{Enhanced mid-infrared evanescent wave sensing via synergistic multi-tapered fiber geometry and optimized PDA coating}},
  author = {Xiaoya Li and Chen Duan and Zeyan Wu and Shiru Cheng and Yinsheng Xu},
  journal = {Journal of Advanced Dielectrics},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1142/s2010135x26400023},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x26400023},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Enhanced mid-infrared evanescent wave sensing via synergistic multi-tapered fiber geometry and optimized PDA coating
AU  - Xiaoya Li
AU  - Chen Duan
AU  - Zeyan Wu
AU  - Shiru Cheng
AU  - Yinsheng Xu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - Journal of Advanced Dielectrics
DO  - 10.1142/s2010135x26400023
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x26400023
AB  - This paper presents the development and optimization of a high-sensitivity mid-infrared (MIR) optical fiber sensor based on the evanescent wave spectroscopy. The sensor employs a GeAsSeTe (GAST) chalcogenide glass fiber, which is geometrically modified into a “taper-in-taper” microstructure to enhance the evanescent field. Light field simulations confirmed that reducing the fiber waist diameter increases the evanescent field energy ratio. Experimentally, fiber sensors with up to four secondary tapered regions (T4T) were fabricated, showing a significant increase in sensitivity to ethanol compared to a single-tapered fiber (T0), with the sensitivity rising from 0.03976[Formula: see text]a.u./vol.%. to 0.23569[Formula: see text]a.u./vol.%. Further sensitivity enhancement was achieved by functionalizing the optimal T4T fiber with a polydopamine (PDA) coating. The coating, applied via oxidative self-polymerization, improved surface hydrophilicity and provided adsorption sites for aromatic compounds. An optimal PDA precursor concentration of 2[Formula: see text]mg⋅mL[Formula: see text] was identified for benzaldehyde detection, balancing enhanced adsorption with evanescent field penetration. The finalized sensor (T4T-20DA) successfully detected low concentrations of model bio-analytes, sodium glutamate and creatinine, with linear responses and sensitivities of 0.0308 and 0.0344[Formula: see text]a.u./([Formula: see text]mol⋅L[Formula: see text]), respectively. This study demonstrates that the synergistic combination of multi-scale tapering and controlled surface functionalization is a powerful strategy for creating highly sensitive and applicable MIR fiber-optic sensors.
SN  - 2010-1368
SN  - 2010-135X
ER  -