Long-Range Nonequilibrium Correlations as a Thermodynamic Speedometer
Abstract
Despite purely local microscopic dynamics, nonequilibrium steady states can develop long-range correlations. We investigate this phenomenon in the boundary-driven symmetric simple exclusion process by relating its exact nonlocal large-deviation functional to finite-time thermodynamic irreversibility under weak time-dependent driving. Decomposing the long-range correlations into hydrodynamic modes, we find that the lag associated with the slowest mode satisfies an upper bound determined by the excess entropy production rate at each driving frequency. This bound is approached in the quasistatic limit, whereas progressively shorter-wavelength modes do not generally satisfy the corresponding bound. These results provide a quantitative connection between the curvature of the large-deviation functional, long-range correlations in the nonequilibrium steady state, and finite-time dissipation. Within the linear-response regime considered here, they indicate that the longest-wavelength hydrodynamic mode has a distinct relation between slow relaxation and thermodynamic irreversibility.
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BibTeX
@misc{vijayan2026longrange,
title = {{Long-Range Nonequilibrium Correlations as a Thermodynamic Speedometer}},
author = {Vinesh Vijayan and Rishma Thilakaraj and Gokila V and Yogeshvari V A},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.07964},
eprint = {2610.07964},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.07964},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Long-Range Nonequilibrium Correlations as a Thermodynamic Speedometer
AU - Vinesh Vijayan
AU - Rishma Thilakaraj
AU - Gokila V
AU - Yogeshvari V A
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/06
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.07964
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.07964
AB - Despite purely local microscopic dynamics, nonequilibrium steady states can develop long-range correlations. We investigate this phenomenon in the boundary-driven symmetric simple exclusion process by relating its exact nonlocal large-deviation functional to finite-time thermodynamic irreversibility under weak time-dependent driving. Decomposing the long-range correlations into hydrodynamic modes, we find that the lag associated with the slowest mode satisfies an upper bound determined by the excess entropy production rate at each driving frequency. This bound is approached in the quasistatic limit, whereas progressively shorter-wavelength modes do not generally satisfy the corresponding bound. These results provide a quantitative connection between the curvature of the large-deviation functional, long-range correlations in the nonequilibrium steady state, and finite-time dissipation. Within the linear-response regime considered here, they indicate that the longest-wavelength hydrodynamic mode has a distinct relation between slow relaxation and thermodynamic irreversibility.
ER -