Hamiltonian Interface Dynamics for Reduced-Order Optimization of Incompressible Mixing
Abstract
We develop a reduced-order framework for optimizing mixing in two-dimensional incompressible flows. Instead of optimizing the full transport PDE, the method maximizes the length of advected material interfaces, leading to a Hamiltonian control problem with a finite spatial basis based on parametrized stream functions. We derive the continuous adjoint equations and reduced gradients, and discretize the forward and adjoint dynamics with the implicit midpoint rule. The resulting discrete adjoint is algebraically consistent with the derivative of the fully discrete objective when the implicit equations are solved exactly. The approach applies to bounded two-dimensional domains with sufficiently regular finite-dimensional stream-function parametrizations. Numerical experiments on cellular-flow and Doswell frontogenesis benchmarks show interface stretching and mix-norm decay over the simulated horizons. In four comparisons, the interface runs have lower recorded optimization times, whereas the Sobolev controls attain smaller terminal mix-norms. The different constraints, stopping rules and timing scopes preclude an equal-accuracy speedup claim.
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BibTeX
@misc{li2026hamiltonian,
title = {{Hamiltonian Interface Dynamics for Reduced-Order Optimization of Incompressible Mixing}},
author = {Ziqian Li and Enrique Zuazua},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2605.04688},
eprint = {2605.04688},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04688},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Hamiltonian Interface Dynamics for Reduced-Order Optimization of Incompressible Mixing
AU - Ziqian Li
AU - Enrique Zuazua
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2605.04688
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04688
AB - We develop a reduced-order framework for optimizing mixing in two-dimensional incompressible flows. Instead of optimizing the full transport PDE, the method maximizes the length of advected material interfaces, leading to a Hamiltonian control problem with a finite spatial basis based on parametrized stream functions. We derive the continuous adjoint equations and reduced gradients, and discretize the forward and adjoint dynamics with the implicit midpoint rule. The resulting discrete adjoint is algebraically consistent with the derivative of the fully discrete objective when the implicit equations are solved exactly. The approach applies to bounded two-dimensional domains with sufficiently regular finite-dimensional stream-function parametrizations. Numerical experiments on cellular-flow and Doswell frontogenesis benchmarks show interface stretching and mix-norm decay over the simulated horizons. In four comparisons, the interface runs have lower recorded optimization times, whereas the Sobolev controls attain smaller terminal mix-norms. The different constraints, stopping rules and timing scopes preclude an equal-accuracy speedup claim.
ER -