Pseudo entropy from entanglement entropy
Abstract
Pseudo entropy extends entanglement entropy from a single quantum state to a pair of nonorthogonal states and is generally complex. Taking advantage of Cauchy-Riemann equations, Kramers-Kronig relations, and analytic continuation in state parameters, we show how and to what extent real and imaginary parts of pseudo entropy can be derived from ordinary entanglement entropy. For families with holomorphic coefficients in finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, the reduced transition matrix equals the ordinary reduced density matrix formula evaluated at complex parameters. Then a convergent Taylor series gives the real and imaginary parts of pseudo entropy from even and odd derivatives of entanglement entropy at the real midpoint. The matrix identity also gives formulae for excess pseudo entropy and Renyi entropies, and interpolation formulae for families with polynomial coefficients. We apply these results to boundary-state quenches and thermal states in conformal field theory, and to fermionic and bosonic Gaussian states and quenches. In conformal field theory, Kramers-Kronig relations give the first moment of the imaginary part in terms of the central charge and one-point functions for boundary states.
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BibTeX
@misc{saha2026pseudo,
title = {{Pseudo entropy from entanglement entropy}},
author = {Abhigyan Saha and Piotr Sułkowski and Tadashi Takayanagi},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.14305},
eprint = {2609.14305},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14305},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Pseudo entropy from entanglement entropy
AU - Abhigyan Saha
AU - Piotr Sułkowski
AU - Tadashi Takayanagi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/13
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.14305
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14305
AB - Pseudo entropy extends entanglement entropy from a single quantum state to a pair of nonorthogonal states and is generally complex. Taking advantage of Cauchy-Riemann equations, Kramers-Kronig relations, and analytic continuation in state parameters, we show how and to what extent real and imaginary parts of pseudo entropy can be derived from ordinary entanglement entropy. For families with holomorphic coefficients in finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, the reduced transition matrix equals the ordinary reduced density matrix formula evaluated at complex parameters. Then a convergent Taylor series gives the real and imaginary parts of pseudo entropy from even and odd derivatives of entanglement entropy at the real midpoint. The matrix identity also gives formulae for excess pseudo entropy and Renyi entropies, and interpolation formulae for families with polynomial coefficients. We apply these results to boundary-state quenches and thermal states in conformal field theory, and to fermionic and bosonic Gaussian states and quenches. In conformal field theory, Kramers-Kronig relations give the first moment of the imaginary part in terms of the central charge and one-point functions for boundary states.
ER -