Mitigation of Initial Transients in Total-f Gyrokinetic Turbulence Simulations Using Neoclassically Relaxed Distribution Function
Abstract
Total-f five-dimensional gyrokinetic simulations are essential for self-consistent studies of multiscale, multiphysics transport in the edge region of diverted tokamak plasmas. However, conventional initialization with a local Maxwellian distribution often generates large-amplitude transients, particularly geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs). These transients are especially severe in the plasma edge because of steep profile gradients, strong radial electric fields, and high safety factors, and they can interfere with early-time turbulence and transport diagnostics. To address this problem, we present a new initialization scheme for the total-f XGC code that uses a relaxed particle distribution obtained from a computationally inexpensive axisymmetric simulation. Before the distribution is transferred to the full turbulence simulation, phase-space smoothing is applied to reduce particle noise while preserving its neoclassical structure. Simulations of the Cyclone Base Case and an ASDEX Upgrade I-mode discharge show that the method reduces particle noise and substantially suppresses initialization-driven transients.
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BibTeX
@misc{ku2026mitigation,
title = {{Mitigation of Initial Transients in Total-f Gyrokinetic Turbulence Simulations Using Neoclassically Relaxed Distribution Function}},
author = {S. Ku and R. Hager and C. S. Chang and S. -J. Lee and A. Scheinberg},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2607.15072},
eprint = {2607.15072},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.15072},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Mitigation of Initial Transients in Total-f Gyrokinetic Turbulence Simulations Using Neoclassically Relaxed Distribution Function
AU - S. Ku
AU - R. Hager
AU - C. S. Chang
AU - S. -J. Lee
AU - A. Scheinberg
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2607.15072
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.15072
AB - Total-f five-dimensional gyrokinetic simulations are essential for self-consistent studies of multiscale, multiphysics transport in the edge region of diverted tokamak plasmas. However, conventional initialization with a local Maxwellian distribution often generates large-amplitude transients, particularly geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs). These transients are especially severe in the plasma edge because of steep profile gradients, strong radial electric fields, and high safety factors, and they can interfere with early-time turbulence and transport diagnostics. To address this problem, we present a new initialization scheme for the total-f XGC code that uses a relaxed particle distribution obtained from a computationally inexpensive axisymmetric simulation. Before the distribution is transferred to the full turbulence simulation, phase-space smoothing is applied to reduce particle noise while preserving its neoclassical structure. Simulations of the Cyclone Base Case and an ASDEX Upgrade I-mode discharge show that the method reduces particle noise and substantially suppresses initialization-driven transients.
ER -