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Peer-reviewedCC BYEcological Indicators

Disrupted flow regimes amplify climate-driven variability in cyanobacteria and CH

  • Hyunji Lee1
  • Maidina Zhumabieke1
  • Sunmin Lee1
  • Sang-Soo Baek2
  • Sang Deuk Lee3
  • Ji-Hyung Park4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
  2. 2Department of Environmental Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
  3. 3Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
  4. 4Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author.
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Abstract

While river impoundment increases the climate vulnerability of cyanobacterial blooms, few studies have explored how weir-disrupted hydrologic connectivity modulates climatic forcing on bloom dynamics and associated CH 4 emissions. To assess the climate vulnerability of coupled cyanobacteria and CH 4 dynamics in weir-regulated rivers, we integrated hydroclimatic controls on cyanobacterial abundance across eight cascade weirs with three-year seasonal field surveys from source to estuary of the NR. These surveys evaluated basin-wide variations in the relative contributions of CH 4 , CO 2 , and N 2 O emissions. Compared to two other less impeded rivers in South Korea, the weir-regulated reaches of the NR emitted more CH 4 and N 2 O, but less CO 2 , particularly during hot, relatively dry summers. Diffusive CH 4 emissions and cyanobacterial abundance increased concurrently within a narrow range of high water temperatures and low flow velocities. Graph attention network (GAT) modeling confirmed these hydroclimatic controls on CH₄ (validation R 2 = 0.72), whereas pH and DO were the strongest drivers of CO 2 (R 2 = 0.54) and N 2 O (R 2 = 0.82) variability, respectively. Concurrent CH 4 peaks during cyanobacterial blooms, combined with rising global emissions from impounded rivers, suggest that flow disruption amplifies the sensitivity of these coupled dynamics to intensifying warming and drought. Restoring natural flow regimes should be integrated into national greenhouse gas inventories and watershed management strategies to mitigate cyanobacterial blooms and CH 4 emissions from rivers disrupted by weirs and other small structures.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{lee2026disrupted,
  title = {{Disrupted flow regimes amplify climate-driven variability in cyanobacteria and CH}},
  author = {Hyunji Lee and Maidina Zhumabieke and Sunmin Lee and Sang-Soo Baek and Sang Deuk Lee and Ji-Hyung Park},
  journal = {Ecological Indicators},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115490},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115490},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Disrupted flow regimes amplify climate-driven variability in cyanobacteria and CH
AU  - Hyunji Lee
AU  - Maidina Zhumabieke
AU  - Sunmin Lee
AU  - Sang-Soo Baek
AU  - Sang Deuk Lee
AU  - Ji-Hyung Park
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/23
JO  - Ecological Indicators
DO  - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115490
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115490
AB  - While river impoundment increases the climate vulnerability of cyanobacterial blooms, few studies have explored how weir-disrupted hydrologic connectivity modulates climatic forcing on bloom dynamics and associated CH 4 emissions. To assess the climate vulnerability of coupled cyanobacteria and CH 4 dynamics in weir-regulated rivers, we integrated hydroclimatic controls on cyanobacterial abundance across eight cascade weirs with three-year seasonal field surveys from source to estuary of the NR. These surveys evaluated basin-wide variations in the relative contributions of CH 4 , CO 2 , and N 2 O emissions. Compared to two other less impeded rivers in South Korea, the weir-regulated reaches of the NR emitted more CH 4 and N 2 O, but less CO 2 , particularly during hot, relatively dry summers. Diffusive CH 4 emissions and cyanobacterial abundance increased concurrently within a narrow range of high water temperatures and low flow velocities. Graph attention network (GAT) modeling confirmed these hydroclimatic controls on CH₄ (validation R 2 = 0.72), whereas pH and DO were the strongest drivers of CO 2 (R 2 = 0.54) and N 2 O (R 2 = 0.82) variability, respectively. Concurrent CH 4 peaks during cyanobacterial blooms, combined with rising global emissions from impounded rivers, suggest that flow disruption amplifies the sensitivity of these coupled dynamics to intensifying warming and drought. Restoring natural flow regimes should be integrated into national greenhouse gas inventories and watershed management strategies to mitigate cyanobacterial blooms and CH 4 emissions from rivers disrupted by weirs and other small structures.
SN  - 1470-160X
SN  - 1872-7034
ER  -