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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of Clinical Medicine

Clinical Characteristics, Cardiometabolic Risk Burden and Therapeutic Patterns in Patients Attending Cardiology Clinics in Spain: The RIESCAR Study

  • Juan Cosín-Sales1,2
  • Raquel Campuzano3
  • Angel Cequier4
  • Pablo Díez-Villanueva5
  • Albina Aldomà-Balasch6,7
  • Vicente Ignacio Arrarte-Esteban8
  • Eduardo Sebastián López-Sánchez9
  • Casimiro Gómez-Pajuelo10
  • Leticia Fernández-Friera11,12
  • José Miguel Chopo-Alcubilla13
  • Javier Muñiz12,14,15
  • Juan José Gómez-Doblas12,16,17
17 affiliations
  1. 1Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, 46015 Valencia, Spain
  2. 2Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, 46115 Valencia, Spain
  3. 3Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
  4. 4Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
  5. 5Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-IP, 28006 Madrid, Spain
  6. 6Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Comarcal de Móra d’Ebre, 43740 Tarragona, Spain
  7. 7Institut de Recerca Biomèdica Catalunya Sud (IRBCatSud), 43500 Tortosa, Spain
  8. 8Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain
  9. 9Servicio de Cardiología, Clínica Cardiológica Vera, 04638, Almería, Spain
  10. 10Servicio de Cardiología, Medicentro Leganés, 28912 Madrid, Spain
  11. 11HM CIEC Madrid (Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Hospital Universitario HM Montepríncipe, HM Hospitales, Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales, 28660 Madrid, Spain
  12. 12Network Biomedical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBER-CV), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
  13. 13Servicio de Cardiología, Clínica de Cardiología Dr. Chopo Alcubilla, 50004 Zaragoza, Spain
  14. 14Grupo de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, 15006 Coruña, Spain
  15. 15Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña, 15006 Coruña, Spain
  16. 16Institute of Biomedical Research of Málaga and Nanomedicine Platform (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Andalusia Technology Park (PTA), Severo Ochoa 35, 29590 Málaga, Spain
  17. 17Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery-Heart Area, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Contemporary data on patients attending cardiology outpatient clinics in Spain are scarce. We aimed to characterise cardiovascular conditions, cardiometabolic burden, risk-factor control and treatment patterns. Methods: RIESCAR is a national, multicentre, observational study. This analysis included 2808 adults evaluated in 50 general cardiology outpatient clinics. Results: Hypertension was present in 60.3%, dyslipidaemia in 58.9%, type 2 diabetes mellitus in 24.7%, obesity in 32.4%, and central obesity in 48.7%. Established cardiovascular disease was documented in 59.7%, with coronary artery disease (30.0%), atrial fibrillation (18.2%) and heart failure (11.7%) being the most frequent conditions. Among hypertensive patients, 42.6% had blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg. In patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), 37.2% achieved LDL-C < 55 mg/dL. Patients received a high number of cardiovascular drugs (mean 3.9). Among patients with a potential clinical indication for contemporary cardiometabolic therapies, SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists were used in 35.4% and 8.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Patients attending cardiology clinics in Spain have a high cardiometabolic burden, with important gaps in blood-pressure and LDL-C target attainment. Use of contemporary cardiometabolic therapies remains variable, highlighting opportunities to strengthen cardiovascular prevention in routine practice.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{cosinsales2026clinical,
  title = {{Clinical Characteristics, Cardiometabolic Risk Burden and Therapeutic Patterns in Patients Attending Cardiology Clinics in Spain: The RIESCAR Study}},
  author = {Juan Cosín-Sales and Raquel Campuzano and Angel Cequier and Pablo Díez-Villanueva and Albina Aldomà-Balasch and Vicente Ignacio Arrarte-Esteban and Eduardo Sebastián López-Sánchez and Casimiro Gómez-Pajuelo and Leticia Fernández-Friera and José Miguel Chopo-Alcubilla and Javier Muñiz and Juan José Gómez-Doblas},
  journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/jcm15207916},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/20/7916},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Clinical Characteristics, Cardiometabolic Risk Burden and Therapeutic Patterns in Patients Attending Cardiology Clinics in Spain: The RIESCAR Study
AU  - Juan Cosín-Sales
AU  - Raquel Campuzano
AU  - Angel Cequier
AU  - Pablo Díez-Villanueva
AU  - Albina Aldomà-Balasch
AU  - Vicente Ignacio Arrarte-Esteban
AU  - Eduardo Sebastián López-Sánchez
AU  - Casimiro Gómez-Pajuelo
AU  - Leticia Fernández-Friera
AU  - José Miguel Chopo-Alcubilla
AU  - Javier Muñiz
AU  - Juan José Gómez-Doblas
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Journal of Clinical Medicine
DO  - 10.3390/jcm15207916
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/20/7916
AB  - Background/Objectives: Contemporary data on patients attending cardiology outpatient clinics in Spain are scarce. We aimed to characterise cardiovascular conditions, cardiometabolic burden, risk-factor control and treatment patterns. Methods: RIESCAR is a national, multicentre, observational study. This analysis included 2808 adults evaluated in 50 general cardiology outpatient clinics. Results: Hypertension was present in 60.3%, dyslipidaemia in 58.9%, type 2 diabetes mellitus in 24.7%, obesity in 32.4%, and central obesity in 48.7%. Established cardiovascular disease was documented in 59.7%, with coronary artery disease (30.0%), atrial fibrillation (18.2%) and heart failure (11.7%) being the most frequent conditions. Among hypertensive patients, 42.6% had blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg. In patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), 37.2% achieved LDL-C < 55 mg/dL. Patients received a high number of cardiovascular drugs (mean 3.9). Among patients with a potential clinical indication for contemporary cardiometabolic therapies, SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists were used in 35.4% and 8.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Patients attending cardiology clinics in Spain have a high cardiometabolic burden, with important gaps in blood-pressure and LDL-C target attainment. Use of contemporary cardiometabolic therapies remains variable, highlighting opportunities to strengthen cardiovascular prevention in routine practice.
SN  - 2077-0383
ER  -