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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Nanomaterials

Study on Four-Wave Mixing Enhancement in Nanofiber Systems

  • Yilin Zhu1
  • Chaohua Tan2
  1. 1School of Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
  2. 2School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Abstract

We investigate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a five-level atomic system coupled to an optical nanofiber. The transverse inhomogeneity of the guided field is incorporated through a mode-weighted mean-field approximation, yielding effective one-dimensional propagation equations. The conversion efficiency is evaluated over different detuning parameters and compared with a uniform-field reference under consistent normalization. For the parameters studied, the nanofiber model predicts higher peak conversion efficiencies, accompanied by distinct changes in the spectral response. The two-photon resonance narrows, the upper-transition resonance retains nearly the same bandwidth, and the range of probe detunings supporting appreciable conversion broadens. To account for the interplay among detuning parameters, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed, yielding a best-found efficiency of 1.85×10−3 within the prescribed search bounds. The resulting two-dimensional efficiency map exhibits a tilted high-efficiency band, revealing a correlated dependence on the detunings rather than independently optimized resonances. These findings clarify how transverse mode confinement and coupled detuning conditions shape the spectral response of FWM in the nanofiber–atom system.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhu2026study,
  title = {{Study on Four-Wave Mixing Enhancement in Nanofiber Systems}},
  author = {Yilin Zhu and Chaohua Tan},
  journal = {Nanomaterials},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3390/nano16211410},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/21/1410},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Study on Four-Wave Mixing Enhancement in Nanofiber Systems
AU  - Yilin Zhu
AU  - Chaohua Tan
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/02
JO  - Nanomaterials
DO  - 10.3390/nano16211410
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/21/1410
AB  - We investigate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a five-level atomic system coupled to an optical nanofiber. The transverse inhomogeneity of the guided field is incorporated through a mode-weighted mean-field approximation, yielding effective one-dimensional propagation equations. The conversion efficiency is evaluated over different detuning parameters and compared with a uniform-field reference under consistent normalization. For the parameters studied, the nanofiber model predicts higher peak conversion efficiencies, accompanied by distinct changes in the spectral response. The two-photon resonance narrows, the upper-transition resonance retains nearly the same bandwidth, and the range of probe detunings supporting appreciable conversion broadens. To account for the interplay among detuning parameters, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed, yielding a best-found efficiency of 1.85×10−3 within the prescribed search bounds. The resulting two-dimensional efficiency map exhibits a tilted high-efficiency band, revealing a correlated dependence on the detunings rather than independently optimized resonances. These findings clarify how transverse mode confinement and coupled detuning conditions shape the spectral response of FWM in the nanofiber–atom system.
SN  - 2079-4991
ER  -