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Peer-reviewedCC BYHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

Changes in Physical Activity and Psychological Status in Patients with COPD Between Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Assessments: A Pilot Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study.

  • Beatriz Enrich Alvarez1,2
  • Marta Ortega Bravo2,3,4
  • Eva Artigues Barberà5,6
  • Leonardo Machado7
  • Assumpta Ensenyat7
  • Pere Godoy Garcia3,8,9
  • Joaquim Sol6,10
10 affiliations
  1. 1Cappont Primary Care Centre, Lleida, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), 08007 Lleida, Spain.
  2. 2Fundació Institut Universitari per la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain.
  3. 3Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain.
  4. 4Almacelles Primary Care Centre, Lleida, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), 08007 Lleida, Spain.
  5. 5Balàfia-Pardinyes-Secà de Sant Pere Primary Care Centre, Lleida, Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), 08007 Lleida, Spain.
  6. 6Research Support Unit Lleida, Fundació Institut Universitari per la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Lleida, Spain.
  7. 7Complex System Research Group (SGR 975), Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), University of Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Spain.
  8. 8Lleida Biochemical Research Institute (IRBLleida), 25003 Lleida, Spain.
  9. 9CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
  10. 10Metabolic Physiopathology Research Group, Experimental Medicine Department, University of Lleida-Lleida Biochemical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Physical activity is a key prognostic factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but changes in physical activity patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic remain insufficiently characterized. Methods: We conducted an observational longitudinal cohort study in patients with COPD managed in primary care in Lleida, Spain. Baseline assessment was performed between December 2018 and February 2019 (pre-COVID-19 pandemic), and follow-up assessment was conducted between March and June 2021 (post-COVID-19 pandemic). Physical activity was measured using triaxial accelerometry, and clinical, functional, and psychological variables were collected. Results: Of the 192 screened patients, 13 patients were included in the baseline pre-COVID-19 cohort, of whom 7 completed the longitudinal follow-up assessment in the post-COVID-19 period. Among the seven patients with longitudinal follow-up, at baseline, participants exhibited a predominantly sedentary profile, spending approximately 80% of their time in a sedentary mode and accumulating a mean of 6179 steps/day. In the post-COVID-19 period, sedentary time increased to 85.7% and mean steps/day decreased to 3038. Patients also showed a worse psychological profile, mainly driven by increased anxiety levels. Exploratory analyses suggested variable associations between physical activity and clinical, health-related quality of life, and psychological measures. Conclusions: In this small exploratory longitudinal cohort, lower physical activity and a less favorable psychological profile, particularly regarding anxiety, were observed at the post-COVID-19 assessment compared with the baseline. Given the small, paired sample and observational design, these findings should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating. Further studies with larger controlled longitudinal cohorts are warranted to confirm these observations.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{alvarez2026changes,
  title = {{Changes in Physical Activity and Psychological Status in Patients with COPD Between Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Assessments: A Pilot Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study.}},
  author = {Beatriz Enrich Alvarez and Marta Ortega Bravo and Eva Artigues Barberà and Leonardo Machado and Assumpta Ensenyat and Pere Godoy Garcia and Joaquim Sol},
  journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.3390/healthcare14193142},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42881582},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changes in Physical Activity and Psychological Status in Patients with COPD Between Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Assessments: A Pilot Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study.
AU  - Beatriz Enrich Alvarez
AU  - Marta Ortega Bravo
AU  - Eva Artigues Barberà
AU  - Leonardo Machado
AU  - Assumpta Ensenyat
AU  - Pere Godoy Garcia
AU  - Joaquim Sol
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/22
JO  - Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
DO  - 10.3390/healthcare14193142
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42881582
AB  - Background/Objectives: Physical activity is a key prognostic factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but changes in physical activity patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic remain insufficiently characterized. Methods: We conducted an observational longitudinal cohort study in patients with COPD managed in primary care in Lleida, Spain. Baseline assessment was performed between December 2018 and February 2019 (pre-COVID-19 pandemic), and follow-up assessment was conducted between March and June 2021 (post-COVID-19 pandemic). Physical activity was measured using triaxial accelerometry, and clinical, functional, and psychological variables were collected. Results: Of the 192 screened patients, 13 patients were included in the baseline pre-COVID-19 cohort, of whom 7 completed the longitudinal follow-up assessment in the post-COVID-19 period. Among the seven patients with longitudinal follow-up, at baseline, participants exhibited a predominantly sedentary profile, spending approximately 80% of their time in a sedentary mode and accumulating a mean of 6179 steps/day. In the post-COVID-19 period, sedentary time increased to 85.7% and mean steps/day decreased to 3038. Patients also showed a worse psychological profile, mainly driven by increased anxiety levels. Exploratory analyses suggested variable associations between physical activity and clinical, health-related quality of life, and psychological measures. Conclusions: In this small exploratory longitudinal cohort, lower physical activity and a less favorable psychological profile, particularly regarding anxiety, were observed at the post-COVID-19 assessment compared with the baseline. Given the small, paired sample and observational design, these findings should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating. Further studies with larger controlled longitudinal cohorts are warranted to confirm these observations.
SN  - 2227-9032
ER  -