Prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 and Other Quality Indicators in Artisanal Peanut Oil from Small-Scale Workshops in Nanning, China.
7 affiliations
- 1Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
- 2Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
- 3Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
- 4Guangxi Youqingmiyi Technology Co., Ltd., Liuzhou 545104, China.
- 5Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China.
- 6Guangxi-ASEAN Food Inspection Center, Nanning 530029, China.
- 7Department of Maternal & Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
Abstract
Objective
To characterize aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination, oil-quality variation, workshop hygiene, and modeled dietary risk associated with artisanal peanut oil produced by small-scale workshops in Nanning, China.Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 144 workshops across all 12 county-level administrative areas of Nanning, with one peanut-oil sample collected from each workshop. On-site hygiene practices were assessed using a structured 13-item instrument. AFB1 concentration, acid value, and peroxide value were measured using national standard methods. Regional differences were evaluated using non-parametric tests, and K-means clustering was applied to characterize multivariate quality profiles. Dietary exposure was assessed using estimated daily intake (EDI), margin of exposure (MOE), and modeled AFB1-attributable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk.Results
AFB1 was detected in 88.2% of samples, while 3.5% exceeded the Chinese maximum level of 20 μg/kg. Samples from counties had significantly higher AFB1 concentrations, acid values, and peroxide values than those from municipal districts (all p < 0.001). Compliance was relatively high for basic hygiene and spatial separation, whereas routine contaminant testing was reported by only 18% of workshops and aflatoxin-degradation equipment was available in 35%. The primary clustering analysis identified overall-low (81.2%), AFB1-dominant (9.7%), and rancidity-dominant (9.0%) profiles, whereas sensitivity analysis after log₁₀ transformation favored a broader two-cluster structure. Estimated AFB1 intake was higher under the rural than the urban scenario (2.6436 vs. 0.6890 ng/kg bw/day), with corresponding MOE values of 151.31 and 580.55. Modeled HCC risk was also higher under the rural scenario and under the hepatitis B surface antigen-positive scenario.Conclusions
Artisanal peanut oil from small-scale workshops in Nanning showed frequent AFB1 detection, marked regional variation in multiple quality indicators, and limited implementation of contaminant-specific control practices. These findings support closer attention to routine AFB1 monitoring, storage management, and broader quality control, particularly in county settings.
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BibTeX
@article{qi2026prevalence,
title = {{Prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 and Other Quality Indicators in Artisanal Peanut Oil from Small-Scale Workshops in Nanning, China.}},
author = {Zihao Qi and Fan Qiao and Yu Xie and Huishuai Li and Liumin Wei and Huiyan Qin and Haibo Wang and Zhenning Li and Liming Huang and Feiyu Zhao and Binbin Yang and Dongjie Peng and Shaojun Li},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/foods15193493},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883600},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 and Other Quality Indicators in Artisanal Peanut Oil from Small-Scale Workshops in Nanning, China.
AU - Zihao Qi
AU - Fan Qiao
AU - Yu Xie
AU - Huishuai Li
AU - Liumin Wei
AU - Huiyan Qin
AU - Haibo Wang
AU - Zhenning Li
AU - Liming Huang
AU - Feiyu Zhao
AU - Binbin Yang
AU - Dongjie Peng
AU - Shaojun Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/29
JO - Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
DO - 10.3390/foods15193493
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883600
AB - Objective To characterize aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination, oil-quality variation, workshop hygiene, and modeled dietary risk associated with artisanal peanut oil produced by small-scale workshops in Nanning, China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 144 workshops across all 12 county-level administrative areas of Nanning, with one peanut-oil sample collected from each workshop. On-site hygiene practices were assessed using a structured 13-item instrument. AFB1 concentration, acid value, and peroxide value were measured using national standard methods. Regional differences were evaluated using non-parametric tests, and K-means clustering was applied to characterize multivariate quality profiles. Dietary exposure was assessed using estimated daily intake (EDI), margin of exposure (MOE), and modeled AFB1-attributable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk.Results AFB1 was detected in 88.2% of samples, while 3.5% exceeded the Chinese maximum level of 20 μg/kg. Samples from counties had significantly higher AFB1 concentrations, acid values, and peroxide values than those from municipal districts (all p < 0.001). Compliance was relatively high for basic hygiene and spatial separation, whereas routine contaminant testing was reported by only 18% of workshops and aflatoxin-degradation equipment was available in 35%. The primary clustering analysis identified overall-low (81.2%), AFB1-dominant (9.7%), and rancidity-dominant (9.0%) profiles, whereas sensitivity analysis after log₁₀ transformation favored a broader two-cluster structure. Estimated AFB1 intake was higher under the rural than the urban scenario (2.6436 vs. 0.6890 ng/kg bw/day), with corresponding MOE values of 151.31 and 580.55. Modeled HCC risk was also higher under the rural scenario and under the hepatitis B surface antigen-positive scenario.Conclusions Artisanal peanut oil from small-scale workshops in Nanning showed frequent AFB1 detection, marked regional variation in multiple quality indicators, and limited implementation of contaminant-specific control practices. These findings support closer attention to routine AFB1 monitoring, storage management, and broader quality control, particularly in county settings.
SN - 2304-8158
ER -