Gravitational Production of Non-minimally Coupled Vector Dark Matter in Warm Inflation
Abstract
We study the purely gravitational production of a massive vector dark matter with a non-minimal coupling to the Einstein tensor, ξGμνXμXν, in warm inflation. The background, V=λϕ4 with a dissipation coefficient linear in temperature, is constrained by CMB observations and parametrized by the dissipation ratio 10−4≤ Q0≤1. We consider both unavoidable production channels: freeze-in from the Standard Model bath through graviton exchange, and cosmological gravitational particle production (CGPP). For freeze-in, we compute the scattering amplitudes including the contact interaction induced by ξ, which enhances the production of light dark matter through the longitudinal mode and suppresses that of heavy dark matter through destructive interference. For CGPP, the slow-roll parameter is not small during warm inflation, which enhances the production of light dark matter by up to three orders of magnitude relative to cold inflation. Combining both channels, CGPP excludes most of the light freeze-in branch, leaving mX≲2.4×10−5 GeV, a narrow window around 1010 GeV for strong dissipation, and mX≳1014--1015 GeV. Only the heavy branch remains viable for all |ξ|≲1.
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BibTeX
@misc{sereewat2026gravitational,
title = {{Gravitational Production of Non-minimally Coupled Vector Dark Matter in Warm Inflation}},
author = {Phongsakorn Sereewat},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.10090},
eprint = {2611.10090},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.10090},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Gravitational Production of Non-minimally Coupled Vector Dark Matter in Warm Inflation
AU - Phongsakorn Sereewat
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/06
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.10090
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.10090
AB - We study the purely gravitational production of a massive vector dark matter with a non-minimal coupling to the Einstein tensor, ξG_μνX^μX^ν, in warm inflation. The background, V=λϕ^4 with a dissipation coefficient linear in temperature, is constrained by CMB observations and parametrized by the dissipation ratio 10^−4≤ Q_0≤1. We consider both unavoidable production channels: freeze-in from the Standard Model bath through graviton exchange, and cosmological gravitational particle production (CGPP). For freeze-in, we compute the scattering amplitudes including the contact interaction induced by ξ, which enhances the production of light dark matter through the longitudinal mode and suppresses that of heavy dark matter through destructive interference. For CGPP, the slow-roll parameter is not small during warm inflation, which enhances the production of light dark matter by up to three orders of magnitude relative to cold inflation. Combining both channels, CGPP excludes most of the light freeze-in branch, leaving m_X≲2.4×10^−5 GeV, a narrow window around 10^10 GeV for strong dissipation, and m_X≳10^14--10^15 GeV. Only the heavy branch remains viable for all |ξ|≲1.
ER -