Investigating IceCube Neutrino Alerts with the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

@article{alfaro2026investigating,
  title = {{Investigating IceCube Neutrino Alerts with the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory}},
  author = {R. Alfaro and C. Alvarez and A. Andrés and E. Anita-Rangel and M. Araya and J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez and D. Avila Rojas and H. A. Ayala Solares and R. Babu and E. Belmont-Moreno and A. Bernal and K. S. Caballero-Mora and T. Capistrán and A. Carramiñana and F. Carreón and S. Casanova and J. Cotzomi and S. Coutiño de León and C. de León and E. De la Fuente and P. Desiati and N. Di Lalla and R. Diaz Hernandez and M. A. DuVernois and J. C. Díaz-Vélez and K. Engel and C. Espinoza and N. Fraija and S. Fraija and A. Galván-Gámez and J. A. García-González and F. Garfias and N. Ghosh and A. Gonzalez Muñoz and M. M. González and J. A. González and J. A. Goodman and D. Guevel and J. Gyeong and J. P. Harding and S. Hernández-Cadena and I. Herzog and J. Hinton and D. Huang and F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla and P. Hüntemeyer and A. Iriarte and S. Kaufmann and D. Kieda and K. Leavitt and J. Lee and W. H. Lee and H. León Vargas and J. T. Linnemann and A. L. Longinotti and G. Luis-Raya and K. Malone and O. Martinez and J. Martínez- Castro and J.A. Matthews},
  journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/aea154},
  url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea154},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Investigating IceCube Neutrino Alerts with the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory
AU  - R. Alfaro
AU  - C. Alvarez
AU  - A. Andrés
AU  - E. Anita-Rangel
AU  - M. Araya
AU  - J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez
AU  - D. Avila Rojas
AU  - H. A. Ayala Solares
AU  - R. Babu
AU  - E. Belmont-Moreno
AU  - A. Bernal
AU  - K. S. Caballero-Mora
AU  - T. Capistrán
AU  - A. Carramiñana
AU  - F. Carreón
AU  - S. Casanova
AU  - J. Cotzomi
AU  - S. Coutiño de León
AU  - C. de León
AU  - E. De la Fuente
AU  - P. Desiati
AU  - N. Di Lalla
AU  - R. Diaz Hernandez
AU  - M. A. DuVernois
AU  - J. C. Díaz-Vélez
AU  - K. Engel
AU  - C. Espinoza
AU  - N. Fraija
AU  - S. Fraija
AU  - A. Galván-Gámez
AU  - J. A. García-González
AU  - F. Garfias
AU  - N. Ghosh
AU  - A. Gonzalez Muñoz
AU  - M. M. González
AU  - J. A. González
AU  - J. A. Goodman
AU  - D. Guevel
AU  - J. Gyeong
AU  - J. P. Harding
AU  - S. Hernández-Cadena
AU  - I. Herzog
AU  - J. Hinton
AU  - D. Huang
AU  - F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla
AU  - P. Hüntemeyer
AU  - A. Iriarte
AU  - S. Kaufmann
AU  - D. Kieda
AU  - K. Leavitt
AU  - J. Lee
AU  - W. H. Lee
AU  - H. León Vargas
AU  - J. T. Linnemann
AU  - A. L. Longinotti
AU  - G. Luis-Raya
AU  - K. Malone
AU  - O. Martinez
AU  - J. Martínez- Castro
AU  - J.A. Matthews
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/29
JO  - The Astrophysical Journal
DO  - 10.3847/1538-4357/aea154
UR  - https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea154
AB  - Neutrino emission from astrophysical sources has long been considered a signature of cosmic-ray acceleration. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has observed a diffuse flux of TeV–PeV neutrinos, but very few confirmed sources have emerged. With the recent publication of the IceCube Event Catalog (IceCat-1), IceCube has released a list of probable astrophysical neutrinos from 2011 May to 2020 December, with follow-up alerts released via the Astrophysical Multi-messenger Observatory Network (AMON). Using the archival data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory, we search for gamma-ray outbursts spatially coincident with these neutrino alerts using a Bayesian block algorithm. In this work, we consider 380 alerts, up to 2026 May 19, that are within HAWC’s field of view. We observe approximately a 5% coincident detection rate, which is consistent with expectations from background. Two of these detections contain the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) Mrk 421 and Mrk 501. We discuss the possibility of these AGNs producing the observed neutrino events when considering the HAWC results.
SN  - 1538-4357
SN  - 0004-637X
ER  -