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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of Medical Virology

Molecular Epidemiology of Varicella‐Zoster Virus Among Patients From Two French Tertiary Care Hospitals: Differential Distribution of Clades According to Demographic Criteria

  • José Fernandez1,2
  • Melinda Cheminet3
  • Lucie Mazarguil4
  • Mathilde Gay4
  • Antoine Fauchois1
  • Camille Tumiotto4
  • Sonia Burrel4
  • David Boutolleau1,2,5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Sorbonne Université, INSERM Sorbonne Public Health Institute Paris France
  2. 2AP‐HP, Sorbonne Université Pitié‐Salpêtrière University Hospital National Reference Center for Herpesviruses (Associated Laboratory), Virology Department Paris France
  3. 3Microbiology Department Créteil Intercommunal Hospital Créteil France
  4. 4Virology Department Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5234, Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Team, and Bordeaux University Hospital Bordeaux France
  5. 5Université Paris Cité, Faculty of Pharmacy Microbiology Department Paris France
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Abstract

Varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) nomenclature currently recognizes seven established clades (designated 1–6 and 9). A geographical segregation of VZV clades has been shown, with Clades 1, 3, and 6 predominating in Europe, Americas, and Australia, Clade 2 in Japan and East‐Asia, and Clades 4 and 5 in Asia and Africa. This distribution of VZV clades is dependent on the importation of viral strains, because of immigration and travels, and the implementation of varicella vaccine. The surveillance of VZV epidemiology is therefore necessary. VZV genotyping strategies rely on evaluating a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the different open reading frames (ORFs) of the viral genome. We described retrospectively the VZV clade distribution among 339 patients in Pitié‐Salpêtrière (Paris) and Bordeaux University hospitals from 2018 to 2023. Clade 1 was detected in 27.1%, Clade 3 in 37.2%, Clade 5 in 31.9%, and other clades in 3.8% of the patients. The distribution of clades did not differ according to sex, immune status of the patients, and clinical presentation of VZV infection. However, patients infected with Clade 5 were statistically younger than those infected with other clades, especially European‐born patients. This epidemiological characteristic of VZV Clade 5 may have multifactorial etiology, including the combination of viral, host, and environmental factors.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{fernandez2026molecular,
  title = {{Molecular Epidemiology of Varicella‐Zoster Virus Among Patients From Two French Tertiary Care Hospitals: Differential Distribution of Clades According to Demographic Criteria}},
  author = {José Fernandez and Melinda Cheminet and Lucie Mazarguil and Mathilde Gay and Antoine Fauchois and Camille Tumiotto and Sonia Burrel and David Boutolleau},
  journal = {Journal of Medical Virology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1002/jmv.71198},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.71198},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Molecular Epidemiology of Varicella‐Zoster Virus Among Patients From Two French Tertiary Care Hospitals: Differential Distribution of Clades According to Demographic Criteria
AU  - José Fernandez
AU  - Melinda Cheminet
AU  - Lucie Mazarguil
AU  - Mathilde Gay
AU  - Antoine Fauchois
AU  - Camille Tumiotto
AU  - Sonia Burrel
AU  - David Boutolleau
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/27
JO  - Journal of Medical Virology
DO  - 10.1002/jmv.71198
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.71198
AB  - Varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) nomenclature currently recognizes seven established clades (designated 1–6 and 9). A geographical segregation of VZV clades has been shown, with Clades 1, 3, and 6 predominating in Europe, Americas, and Australia, Clade 2 in Japan and East‐Asia, and Clades 4 and 5 in Asia and Africa. This distribution of VZV clades is dependent on the importation of viral strains, because of immigration and travels, and the implementation of varicella vaccine. The surveillance of VZV epidemiology is therefore necessary. VZV genotyping strategies rely on evaluating a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the different open reading frames (ORFs) of the viral genome. We described retrospectively the VZV clade distribution among 339 patients in Pitié‐Salpêtrière (Paris) and Bordeaux University hospitals from 2018 to 2023. Clade 1 was detected in 27.1%, Clade 3 in 37.2%, Clade 5 in 31.9%, and other clades in 3.8% of the patients. The distribution of clades did not differ according to sex, immune status of the patients, and clinical presentation of VZV infection. However, patients infected with Clade 5 were statistically younger than those infected with other clades, especially European‐born patients. This epidemiological characteristic of VZV Clade 5 may have multifactorial etiology, including the combination of viral, host, and environmental factors.
SN  - 0146-6615
SN  - 1096-9071
ER  -