Serum WISP-1 and CTRP1 Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Associations with HOMA-IR and Glycemic Status.
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul 34403, Türkiye.
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul Nişantaşı University, Istanbul 34398, Türkiye.
- 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul 34403, Türkiye.
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation, in which adipokines may be involved. We evaluated serum Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1/CCN4) and C1q/TNF-related protein-1 (CTRP1) in women with GDM and normal glucose tolerance and assessed their relationships with glucose-insulin homeostasis and cross-sectional discriminatory ability. Materials and Methods: This exploratory cross-sectional biomarker study with prospective obstetric follow-up included 100 pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation (50 GDM and 50 controls). WISP-1, CTRP1, HOMA-IR, and GDM status were assessed during the same gestational period; therefore, the principal biomarker analyses were cross-sectional. GDM was diagnosed using the one-step 75-g oral glucose tolerance test criteria recommended by the American Diabetes Association Standards of Care 2026. WISP-1 and CTRP1 were measured by ELISA. Group comparisons, correlation analyses, ROC analyses, nested logistic regression, and bootstrap internal validation were performed. Results: WISP-1 was higher in GDM than in controls (422.80 [387.10-471.85] vs. 315.00 [288.30-351.55] pg/mL; p < 0.001), as was CTRP1 (34.13 ± 6.74 vs. 26.50 ± 5.65 ng/mL; p < 0.001). WISP-1 showed a higher apparent AUC than CTRP1 in the present cohort (0.908 vs. 0.802; DeLong p = 0.034). In the final model adjusted for maternal age and BMI, both WISP-1 (adjusted OR per 1-SD increase 7.53, 95% CI 2.95-19.21; p < 0.001) and CTRP1 (3.61, 95% CI 1.45-8.99; p = 0.006) remained associated with GDM status after adjustment for these covariates. Within GDM, the age- and BMI-adjusted association between WISP-1 and HOMA-IR remained significant (partial ρ = 0.574; p < 0.001), whereas CTRP1 was not associated with HOMA-IR. Conclusions: WISP-1 and CTRP1 were elevated in GDM, with WISP-1 showing a stronger association with HOMA-IR and a higher internally derived AUC in this cohort. These findings support further investigation of WISP-1 and CTRP1 as exploratory metabolic biomarkers associated with GDM but do not establish diagnostic or predictive utility. Independent external validation is required before any potential clinical application.
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BibTeX
@article{akin2026serum,
title = {{Serum WISP-1 and CTRP1 Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Associations with HOMA-IR and Glycemic Status.}},
author = {Oznur Dundar Akin and Naile Fevziye Misirlioglu and Mete Hakan Karalok and Hafize Uzun},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/medicina62101941},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42942473},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Serum WISP-1 and CTRP1 Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Associations with HOMA-IR and Glycemic Status.
AU - Oznur Dundar Akin
AU - Naile Fevziye Misirlioglu
AU - Mete Hakan Karalok
AU - Hafize Uzun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/08
JO - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
DO - 10.3390/medicina62101941
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42942473
AB - Background and Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation, in which adipokines may be involved. We evaluated serum Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1/CCN4) and C1q/TNF-related protein-1 (CTRP1) in women with GDM and normal glucose tolerance and assessed their relationships with glucose-insulin homeostasis and cross-sectional discriminatory ability. Materials and Methods: This exploratory cross-sectional biomarker study with prospective obstetric follow-up included 100 pregnant women at 24-28 weeks of gestation (50 GDM and 50 controls). WISP-1, CTRP1, HOMA-IR, and GDM status were assessed during the same gestational period; therefore, the principal biomarker analyses were cross-sectional. GDM was diagnosed using the one-step 75-g oral glucose tolerance test criteria recommended by the American Diabetes Association Standards of Care 2026. WISP-1 and CTRP1 were measured by ELISA. Group comparisons, correlation analyses, ROC analyses, nested logistic regression, and bootstrap internal validation were performed. Results: WISP-1 was higher in GDM than in controls (422.80 [387.10-471.85] vs. 315.00 [288.30-351.55] pg/mL; p < 0.001), as was CTRP1 (34.13 ± 6.74 vs. 26.50 ± 5.65 ng/mL; p < 0.001). WISP-1 showed a higher apparent AUC than CTRP1 in the present cohort (0.908 vs. 0.802; DeLong p = 0.034). In the final model adjusted for maternal age and BMI, both WISP-1 (adjusted OR per 1-SD increase 7.53, 95% CI 2.95-19.21; p < 0.001) and CTRP1 (3.61, 95% CI 1.45-8.99; p = 0.006) remained associated with GDM status after adjustment for these covariates. Within GDM, the age- and BMI-adjusted association between WISP-1 and HOMA-IR remained significant (partial ρ = 0.574; p < 0.001), whereas CTRP1 was not associated with HOMA-IR. Conclusions: WISP-1 and CTRP1 were elevated in GDM, with WISP-1 showing a stronger association with HOMA-IR and a higher internally derived AUC in this cohort. These findings support further investigation of WISP-1 and CTRP1 as exploratory metabolic biomarkers associated with GDM but do not establish diagnostic or predictive utility. Independent external validation is required before any potential clinical application.
SN - 1010-660X
SN - 1648-9144
ER -