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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

Seven Years of TESS Precovery Observations of the Dwarf-planet Candidate 2026 ED138

  • Te Han
  • Jeroen Audenaert
  • Daniel Muthukrishna
  • Matthew Holman
  • George R. Ricker
Open at sourcePDFDOICite

Abstract

The trans-Neptunian object 2026 ED138 was announced in 2026 October as the first dwarf-planet candidate in our solar system discovered by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observed it in five month-long sectors between 2019 and 2026, four of them before its discovery. We subtract every Gaia DR3 star from these crowded full-frame images with the TESS-Gaia Light Curve (TGLC) package, then remove static residuals with a running median. Stacking the images along its predicted path detects 2026 ED138 in all five sectors at 5-21σ, and at 34σ combined. The TESS positions alone confirm the JPL orbit, and its brightness is consistent with the 0.08 mag fading expected from its increasing distance and changing phase angle.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{han2026seven,
  title = {{Seven Years of TESS Precovery Observations of the Dwarf-planet Candidate 2026 ED$_138$}},
  author = {Te Han and Jeroen Audenaert and Daniel Muthukrishna and Matthew Holman and George R. Ricker},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.40106},
  eprint = {2610.40106},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40106},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Seven Years of TESS Precovery Observations of the Dwarf-planet Candidate 2026 ED_138
AU  - Te Han
AU  - Jeroen Audenaert
AU  - Daniel Muthukrishna
AU  - Matthew Holman
AU  - George R. Ricker
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/29
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.40106
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40106
AB  - The trans-Neptunian object 2026 ED_138 was announced in 2026 October as the first dwarf-planet candidate in our solar system discovered by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) observed it in five month-long sectors between 2019 and 2026, four of them before its discovery. We subtract every Gaia DR3 star from these crowded full-frame images with the TESS-Gaia Light Curve (TGLC) package, then remove static residuals with a running median. Stacking the images along its predicted path detects 2026 ED_138 in all five sectors at 5-21σ, and at 34σ combined. The TESS positions alone confirm the JPL orbit, and its brightness is consistent with the 0.08 mag fading expected from its increasing distance and changing phase angle.
ER  -