Dietary Phytoadditives Enhance Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Status, Immune Gene Expression, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Resistance in Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei).
- 1Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University Directorate of Incubation and Vocational Training in Aquaculture ECR-Muttukadu Chennai 603112 Tamil Nadu India tnjfu.ac.in.
- 2USAID-TRANSFORM Cargill Inc. Minneapolis 55440-9300 Minnesota USA.
- 3USAID-TRANSFORM Cargill Inc. Pathum Wan Bangkok Thailand.
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of dietary phytoadditive supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, physiological responses, and disease resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Four diets, isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isocaloric, included phytoadditives (turmeric, garlic, ginger, and tamarind in 0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25 ratio) at 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Juvenile shrimp with an initial mean weight of 1.57 ± 0.03 g were randomly placed into 16 tanks. Each tank contained 500 L of water and 50 shrimp. Each treatment diet was allocated to four replicate tanks (n = 4). The shrimp were fed four times daily at 06.00, 10.00, 14.00, and 18.00 H for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, dietary supplementation with the combined phytoadditives significantly improved the growth performance and nutrient utilization of P. vannamei. Shrimp fed the 1% combined phytoadditives had higher (p < 0.05) weight gain (16.14 ± 0.32 g), specific growth rate (4.03 ± 0.06% day⁻¹), and protein and lipid efficiency ratios (1.79 ± 0.05 and 12.10 ± 0.37) than those fed the other diets, with a correspondingly lower feed conversion ratio (1.53 ± 0.05). However, the combined phytoadditives did not significantly affect the whole-body nutrient composition of P. vannamei. Shrimp fed the 1% combined phytoadditive diet showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher protease (23.02 ± 1.85 U/mg protein % over control) and lipase (18.13 ± 1.52 U/mg protein) activities in the intestine and amylase activity (2.78 ± 0.21 U/mg protein) in the hepatopancreas. Conversely, intestinal amylase, hepatopancreatic protease, and lipase activities were not significantly influenced by the different inclusion levels of the combined phytoadditives. Shrimp fed the 1% combined phytoadditive diet showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) superoxide dismutase (SOD) (29.43 ± 2.52 U/mg protein) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (0.009 ± 0.001 U/mg protein) activities in the intestine and catalase (CAT) activity (1.30 ± 0.22 U/mg protein) in the hepatopancreas. In contrast, CAT activity in the shrimp intestine and SOD and GPx activities in the hepatopancreas were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments (p > 0.05). Significantly upregulated Toll-like receptor (TLR), immune deficiency (IMD), and lysozyme (LYZ) relative mRNA expression was observed in shrimp fed a diet supplemented with 1% combined phytoadditives. Dietary supplementation with 1% combined phytoadditives significantly reduced cumulative mortality during the challenge study (28.12 ± 6.25% versus 53.12 ± 6.25% in the control), corresponding to a relative percent survival (RPS) of 47.1%, compared with 17.6% and 38.9% at the 0.5% and 1.5% inclusion levels, respectively. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1% combined phytoadditives improved overall growth performance and immune response in Pacific white shrimp.
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BibTeX
@article{prabu2026dietary,
title = {{Dietary Phytoadditives Enhance Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Status, Immune Gene Expression, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Resistance in Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei).}},
author = {Elangovan Prabu and Nathan Felix and Victor L Nsereko and Jarin Sawanboonchun and Pushparaj Chidambaram and Arumugam Uma and Thangaraju Thiruvasagam and Anbazhagan Monishkumar},
journal = {Aquaculture nutrition},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1155/anu/2575043},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923898},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Dietary Phytoadditives Enhance Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Status, Immune Gene Expression, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Resistance in Pacific White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei).
AU - Elangovan Prabu
AU - Nathan Felix
AU - Victor L Nsereko
AU - Jarin Sawanboonchun
AU - Pushparaj Chidambaram
AU - Arumugam Uma
AU - Thangaraju Thiruvasagam
AU - Anbazhagan Monishkumar
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/22
JO - Aquaculture nutrition
DO - 10.1155/anu/2575043
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923898
AB - The present study evaluated the effects of dietary phytoadditive supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, physiological responses, and disease resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Four diets, isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isocaloric, included phytoadditives (turmeric, garlic, ginger, and tamarind in 0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25 ratio) at 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Juvenile shrimp with an initial mean weight of 1.57 ± 0.03 g were randomly placed into 16 tanks. Each tank contained 500 L of water and 50 shrimp. Each treatment diet was allocated to four replicate tanks (n = 4). The shrimp were fed four times daily at 06.00, 10.00, 14.00, and 18.00 H for 60 days. At the end of the feeding trial, dietary supplementation with the combined phytoadditives significantly improved the growth performance and nutrient utilization of P. vannamei. Shrimp fed the 1% combined phytoadditives had higher (p < 0.05) weight gain (16.14 ± 0.32 g), specific growth rate (4.03 ± 0.06% day⁻¹), and protein and lipid efficiency ratios (1.79 ± 0.05 and 12.10 ± 0.37) than those fed the other diets, with a correspondingly lower feed conversion ratio (1.53 ± 0.05). However, the combined phytoadditives did not significantly affect the whole-body nutrient composition of P. vannamei. Shrimp fed the 1% combined phytoadditive diet showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher protease (23.02 ± 1.85 U/mg protein % over control) and lipase (18.13 ± 1.52 U/mg protein) activities in the intestine and amylase activity (2.78 ± 0.21 U/mg protein) in the hepatopancreas. Conversely, intestinal amylase, hepatopancreatic protease, and lipase activities were not significantly influenced by the different inclusion levels of the combined phytoadditives. Shrimp fed the 1% combined phytoadditive diet showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) superoxide dismutase (SOD) (29.43 ± 2.52 U/mg protein) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (0.009 ± 0.001 U/mg protein) activities in the intestine and catalase (CAT) activity (1.30 ± 0.22 U/mg protein) in the hepatopancreas. In contrast, CAT activity in the shrimp intestine and SOD and GPx activities in the hepatopancreas were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments (p > 0.05). Significantly upregulated Toll-like receptor (TLR), immune deficiency (IMD), and lysozyme (LYZ) relative mRNA expression was observed in shrimp fed a diet supplemented with 1% combined phytoadditives. Dietary supplementation with 1% combined phytoadditives significantly reduced cumulative mortality during the challenge study (28.12 ± 6.25% versus 53.12 ± 6.25% in the control), corresponding to a relative percent survival (RPS) of 47.1%, compared with 17.6% and 38.9% at the 0.5% and 1.5% inclusion levels, respectively. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1% combined phytoadditives improved overall growth performance and immune response in Pacific white shrimp.
SN - 1353-5773
SN - 1365-2095
ER -