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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC 4.0Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine

Prefrontal Planning Latency Associated With Age and Serological Evidence of Microbial Exposure

  • Basant K. Puri1,2
  • Rosemarie Preyer3
  • Gary S. Lee4
  • Lucy Monaghan5
  • Armin Schwarzbach6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Molecular Biology C.A.R. Cambridge UK
  2. 2Department of Psychology Neapolis University Paphos Paphos Cyprus
  3. 3Department of Immune Analytics GenID Strassberg Germany
  4. 4Department of Psychology University of Southampton Southampton UK
  5. 5Isle of Wight Chronic Pain Team, St Mary's Hospital Hampshire and Isle of Wight Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Newport UK
  6. 6Department of Pathology Arminlabs Augsburg Germany
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Abstract

Background: It has been hypothesized that certain cognitive disorders characterized by frontal executive dysfunction, such as Alzheimer's disease (a neurodegenerative conformational proteinopathy involving amyloid‐β and tau), may be associated with prior exposure to infectious agents. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that serological markers of microbial exposure are associated with frontal lobe activity in humans.

Methods: Executive planning latency was measured in 53 adult participants in this cross‐sectional study. A venous blood sample was collected from each participant. Assays for the serological markers of bacterial and viral exposure were performed in a blinded manner.

Results: Generalized linear modeling (likelihood ratio χ 2 = 27.76, df = 5, p = 0.0001) included five statistically significant independent variables. Among these, age (|t| = 4.360, p = 0.0001), Borrelia burgdorferi lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (| t | = 3.260, p = 0.002), and Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum assays (| t | = 3.138, p = 0.003) were highly significant.

Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that frontal lobe executive function, as indexed by prefrontal cortical planning latency, is associated with serological evidence of exposure to several bacterial genera, particularly Borrelia and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma, as well as with age.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{puri2026prefrontal,
  title = {{Prefrontal Planning Latency Associated With Age and Serological Evidence of Microbial Exposure}},
  author = {Basant K. Puri and Rosemarie Preyer and Gary S. Lee and Lucy Monaghan and Armin Schwarzbach},
  journal = {Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1002/cdt3.70074},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.70074},
  note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prefrontal Planning Latency Associated With Age and Serological Evidence of Microbial Exposure
AU  - Basant K. Puri
AU  - Rosemarie Preyer
AU  - Gary S. Lee
AU  - Lucy Monaghan
AU  - Armin Schwarzbach
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine
DO  - 10.1002/cdt3.70074
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.70074
AB  - Background: It has been hypothesized that certain cognitive disorders characterized by frontal executive dysfunction, such as Alzheimer's disease (a neurodegenerative conformational proteinopathy involving amyloid‐β and tau), may be associated with prior exposure to infectious agents. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that serological markers of microbial exposure are associated with frontal lobe activity in humans.  Methods: Executive planning latency was measured in 53 adult participants in this cross‐sectional study. A venous blood sample was collected from each participant. Assays for the serological markers of bacterial and viral exposure were performed in a blinded manner.  Results: Generalized linear modeling (likelihood ratio χ 2 = 27.76, df = 5, p = 0.0001) included five statistically significant independent variables. Among these, age (|t| = 4.360, p = 0.0001), Borrelia burgdorferi lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (| t | = 3.260, p = 0.002), and Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum assays (| t | = 3.138, p = 0.003) were highly significant.  Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that frontal lobe executive function, as indexed by prefrontal cortical planning latency, is associated with serological evidence of exposure to several bacterial genera, particularly Borrelia and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma, as well as with age.
SN  - 2095-882X
SN  - 2589-0514
ER  -