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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Irish Journal of Medical Science

Glioblastoma treatment patterns and outcomes over 18 years in an Irish cancer centre

  • Yazan H. Mustafa1,2,3
  • Rachel J. Keogh2
  • Simon L. Barry2
  • Bryan Dillon4
  • Wail Mohammed5
  • Chris Lim5
  • Michael Jansen6
  • Niamh Bermingham6
  • Martin Higgins7
  • Seamus O’Reilly1,2,3,8
  • Jack P. Gleeson1,2,3
  • Richard M. Bambury1,2,3
8 affiliations
  1. 1School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
  2. 2Department of Medical Oncology, CUH/UCC Cancer Centre, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
  3. 3Cancer Research @UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
  4. 4Health Service Executive, Dublin, D08 W2A8 Ireland
  5. 5Department of Neurosurgery, CUH/UCC Cancer Centre, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
  6. 6Department of Neuropathology, CUH/UCC Cancer Centre, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
  7. 7Department of Radiation Oncology, CUH/UCC Cancer Centre, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
  8. 8Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumour in adults and carries a poor prognosis despite advances in molecular characterisation and therapy. The 2021 World Health Organisation classification redefined glioblastoma as an IDH-wildtype diffuse astrocytic tumour with aggressive histological or molecular features. Standard of care therapy has changed little over the last two decades, and outcomes remain suboptimal, with considerable heterogeneity in survival influenced by clinical, molecular, and treatment-related factors.

Aims: This study evaluates the clinical and molecular characteristics, treatment strategies, and survival outcomes for glioblastoma patients at Cork University Hospital from 2006–2023 to assess changes in management and outcomes.

Methods: 494 patients were diagnosed with glioblastoma between 1st of January 2006 and 31st of December 2023. IDH mutant cases were excluded. Data was extracted from medical records, with survival analyses using the Kaplan–Meier method and COX proportional hazards model.

Results: The median age was 63 years (range: 17–86). Increased availability of molecular markers was observed between the time periods. Median overall survival remained stable over time (2006–2010: 9.9 months; 2011–2014: 11.9 months; 2015–2019: 10.9 months; 2020–2023: 11.1 months), with no statistical significance between periods. On multivariate analysis, key prognostic factors included age at diagnosis, ECOG performance status, glucocorticoid use at baseline, MGMT methylation status, and completion of the adjuvant chemo-radiation.

Conclusions: Despite advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, the mOS median overall survival in our real-world patient cohort did not improve over time. The findings emphasise the need for ongoing research efforts to improve outcomes in this lethal disease.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{mustafa2026glioblastoma,
  title = {{Glioblastoma treatment patterns and outcomes over 18 years in an Irish cancer centre}},
  author = {Yazan H. Mustafa and Rachel J. Keogh and Simon L. Barry and Bryan Dillon and Wail Mohammed and Chris Lim and Michael Jansen and Niamh Bermingham and Martin Higgins and Seamus O’Reilly and Jack P. Gleeson and Richard M. Bambury},
  journal = {Irish Journal of Medical Science},
  year = {2026},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.1007/s11845-026-04449-1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-026-04449-1},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Glioblastoma treatment patterns and outcomes over 18 years in an Irish cancer centre
AU  - Yazan H. Mustafa
AU  - Rachel J. Keogh
AU  - Simon L. Barry
AU  - Bryan Dillon
AU  - Wail Mohammed
AU  - Chris Lim
AU  - Michael Jansen
AU  - Niamh Bermingham
AU  - Martin Higgins
AU  - Seamus O’Reilly
AU  - Jack P. Gleeson
AU  - Richard M. Bambury
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/05
JO  - Irish Journal of Medical Science
DO  - 10.1007/s11845-026-04449-1
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-026-04449-1
AB  - Background: Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumour in adults and carries a poor prognosis despite advances in molecular characterisation and therapy. The 2021 World Health Organisation classification redefined glioblastoma as an IDH-wildtype diffuse astrocytic tumour with aggressive histological or molecular features. Standard of care therapy has changed little over the last two decades, and outcomes remain suboptimal, with considerable heterogeneity in survival influenced by clinical, molecular, and treatment-related factors.  Aims: This study evaluates the clinical and molecular characteristics, treatment strategies, and survival outcomes for glioblastoma patients at Cork University Hospital from 2006–2023 to assess changes in management and outcomes.  Methods: 494 patients were diagnosed with glioblastoma between 1st of January 2006 and 31st of December 2023. IDH mutant cases were excluded. Data was extracted from medical records, with survival analyses using the Kaplan–Meier method and COX proportional hazards model.  Results: The median age was 63 years (range: 17–86). Increased availability of molecular markers was observed between the time periods. Median overall survival remained stable over time (2006–2010: 9.9 months; 2011–2014: 11.9 months; 2015–2019: 10.9 months; 2020–2023: 11.1 months), with no statistical significance between periods. On multivariate analysis, key prognostic factors included age at diagnosis, ECOG performance status, glucocorticoid use at baseline, MGMT methylation status, and completion of the adjuvant chemo-radiation.  Conclusions: Despite advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, the mOS median overall survival in our real-world patient cohort did not improve over time. The findings emphasise the need for ongoing research efforts to improve outcomes in this lethal disease.
SN  - 0021-1265
SN  - 1863-4362
ER  -