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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

Transient Dynamics and Duty-Cycle Optimization in a Pulse-Wwidth Modulation Bell--Bloom Pumping

  • Ying-Hao Ye
  • Ling-Yan Hu
  • Dui-Gao Yi
  • Zhi-Fei Yu
  • Bing Chen
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Abstract

We investigate the duty-cycle-dependent atomic response under full-depth intensity pulse-width modulation in Bell--Bloom optical pumping. A time-domain Bloch model explicitly resolves the pump-on/off spin dynamics, yielding piecewise analytical transient solutions and a periodic steady-state description without cycle averaging or harmonic truncation. An extended free-induction-decay method independently determines the effective dark and pump-on transverse-relaxation rates, W0 and W. The predicted lock-in responses agree well with experimental results. We find that for each Larmor frequency ω0, the slope is maximized at a finite pump rate that increases with ω0. These results provide a practical framework for sensitivity-oriented optimization of the duty cycle and pump rate in PWM-driven atomic magnetometers.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{ye2026transient,
  title = {{Transient Dynamics and Duty-Cycle Optimization in a Pulse-Wwidth Modulation Bell--Bloom Pumping}},
  author = {Ying-Hao Ye and Ling-Yan Hu and Dui-Gao Yi and Zhi-Fei Yu and Bing Chen},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.22737},
  eprint = {2608.22737},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22737},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Transient Dynamics and Duty-Cycle Optimization in a Pulse-Wwidth Modulation Bell--Bloom Pumping
AU  - Ying-Hao Ye
AU  - Ling-Yan Hu
AU  - Dui-Gao Yi
AU  - Zhi-Fei Yu
AU  - Bing Chen
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/29
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.22737
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22737
AB  - We investigate the duty-cycle-dependent atomic response under full-depth intensity pulse-width modulation in Bell--Bloom optical pumping. A time-domain Bloch model explicitly resolves the pump-on/off spin dynamics, yielding piecewise analytical transient solutions and a periodic steady-state description without cycle averaging or harmonic truncation. An extended free-induction-decay method independently determines the effective dark and pump-on transverse-relaxation rates, W_0 and W. The predicted lock-in responses agree well with experimental results. We find that for each Larmor frequency ω_0, the slope is maximized at a finite pump rate that increases with ω_0. These results provide a practical framework for sensitivity-oriented optimization of the duty cycle and pump rate in PWM-driven atomic magnetometers.
ER  -