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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of Virology

Efunaviria, Floreoviria, Pleomoviria, and Volvereviria : four realms of viruses with small DNA genomes to replace realm Monodnaviria

  • Mart Krupovic
  • Arvind Varsani
  • Simon Roux
  • F. Murilo Zerbini
  • Jens H Kuhn
  • Eugene V Koonin
Open at sourcePDFDOICite

Abstract

Realm Monodnaviria was established for unification of viruses with small DNA genomes that encode homologous endonucleases initiating rolling circle replication or their inactivated derivatives. However, comprehensive analysis of the expanded virus sequence and structure databases revealed that neither replication nor structural modules within this realm were monophyletic. Consequently, Monodnaviria was reorganized by moving three of its four kingdoms to separate new, likely, monophyletic realms, Efunaviria , Pleomoviria, and Volvereviria, and renaming the remaining realm Monodnaviria to Floreoviria.

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Cite

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BibTeX
@article{krupovic2026efunaviria,
  title = {{Efunaviria, Floreoviria, Pleomoviria, and Volvereviria : four realms of viruses with small DNA genomes to replace realm Monodnaviria}},
  author = {Mart Krupovic and Arvind Varsani and Simon Roux and F. Murilo Zerbini and Jens H Kuhn and Eugene V Koonin},
  journal = {Journal of Virology},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1128/jvi.01019-26},
  url = {https://pasteur.hal.science/pasteur-05759516v1},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Efunaviria, Floreoviria, Pleomoviria, and Volvereviria : four realms of viruses with small DNA genomes to replace realm Monodnaviria
AU  - Mart Krupovic
AU  - Arvind Varsani
AU  - Simon Roux
AU  - F. Murilo Zerbini
AU  - Jens H Kuhn
AU  - Eugene V Koonin
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/22
JO  - Journal of Virology
DO  - 10.1128/jvi.01019-26
UR  - https://pasteur.hal.science/pasteur-05759516v1
AB  - Realm Monodnaviria was established for unification of viruses with small DNA genomes that encode homologous endonucleases initiating rolling circle replication or their inactivated derivatives. However, comprehensive analysis of the expanded virus sequence and structure databases revealed that neither replication nor structural modules within this realm were monophyletic. Consequently, Monodnaviria was reorganized by moving three of its four kingdoms to separate new, likely, monophyletic realms, Efunaviria , Pleomoviria, and Volvereviria, and renaming the remaining realm Monodnaviria to Floreoviria.
SN  - 0022-538X
SN  - 1098-5514
ER  -