Growth, spectroscopy and 2 μm laser operation of monoclinic Tm3+:ZnWO4 crystal
Abstract
We report on the crystal growth, polarized spectroscopy, and laser operation of monoclinic Tm 3+ , Na + (Li + ) codoped zinc monotungstate (ZnWO 4 ) crystals. The Li + codoping with an optimized Tm/Li ratio enables almost complete local charge compensation leading to better crystal quality, higher Tm segregation coefficient, and longer luminescence lifetime and ultimately the demonstration of laser operation. The modified Judd-Ofelt theory was employed to calculate the Tm 3+ transition probabilities yielding a radiative lifetime of the 3 F 4 state of 2.59 ms. The corresponding intensity parameters are Ω 2 = 5.194, Ω 4 = 0.658, Ω 6 = 0.471 [10 −20 cm 2 ] and α = 0.110 [10 −4 cm]. Tm,Li:ZnWO 4 features strongly polarized emission spectra extending beyond 2 μm owing to a large total Stark splitting of the ground-state, Δ E ( 3 H 6 ) = 644 cm −1 . The stimulated-emission cross-section in this spectral range reaches 0.47 × 10 −20 cm 2 at 2015 nm for light polarization E || N p . The continuous-wave Tm,Li:ZnWO 4 laser generated 282 mW at 1.98 μm with a slope efficiency of 14.7 %, and laser emission at 2.03 μm was also achieved. • Czochralski growth of monoclinic Tm 3+ , Na + (Li + ) codoped zinc monotungstate (ZnWO 4 ). • Li + codoping provides higher Tm 3+ segregation and longer luminescence lifetime. • Tm,Li:ZnWO 4 features strongly polarized emission spectra extending beyond 2 μm. • The stimulated-emission cross-section is 0.47 × 10 −20 cm 2 at 2015 nm. • First continuous-wave laser operation of Tm,Li:ZnWO 4 crystal at 2 μm is demonstrated.
Related
- High-power tunable laser operation of Ho:YScO ₃ crystal at 2.1 µm
- Continuous-wave operation of a compact 1550-nm Si/InP heterogeneously integrated photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser
- Distributed emitter design for high-power semiconductor laser bars delivering 600 W under CW operation
- High-power yellow solid-state laser at 574 nm and dual-wavelength operation at 1148 and 1163 nm by selecting Raman line of KGW
- Information-optimal measurement in operation: From fixed sampling protocols to adaptive spectroscopy
BibTeX
@article{elabedine2026growth,
title = {{Growth, spectroscopy and 2 μm laser operation of monoclinic Tm3+:ZnWO4 crystal}},
author = {Ghassen Zin Elabedine and Kirill Subbotin and Pavel Loiko and Zhongben Pan and Kirill Eremeev and Yulia Zimina and Yana Didenko and Sergei Pavlov and Anatoly Titov and Elena Dunina and Liudmila Fomicheva and Aleksey Kornienko and Alain Braud and Rosa Maria Solé and Magdalena Aguiló and Francesc Díaz and Weidong Chen and Pavel Volkov and Valentin Petrov and Xavier Mateos},
journal = {Optical Materials},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116039},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05762861v1},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Growth, spectroscopy and 2 μm laser operation of monoclinic Tm3+:ZnWO4 crystal
AU - Ghassen Zin Elabedine
AU - Kirill Subbotin
AU - Pavel Loiko
AU - Zhongben Pan
AU - Kirill Eremeev
AU - Yulia Zimina
AU - Yana Didenko
AU - Sergei Pavlov
AU - Anatoly Titov
AU - Elena Dunina
AU - Liudmila Fomicheva
AU - Aleksey Kornienko
AU - Alain Braud
AU - Rosa Maria Solé
AU - Magdalena Aguiló
AU - Francesc Díaz
AU - Weidong Chen
AU - Pavel Volkov
AU - Valentin Petrov
AU - Xavier Mateos
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/24
JO - Optical Materials
DO - 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116039
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05762861v1
AB - We report on the crystal growth, polarized spectroscopy, and laser operation of monoclinic Tm 3+ , Na + (Li + ) codoped zinc monotungstate (ZnWO 4 ) crystals. The Li + codoping with an optimized Tm/Li ratio enables almost complete local charge compensation leading to better crystal quality, higher Tm segregation coefficient, and longer luminescence lifetime and ultimately the demonstration of laser operation. The modified Judd-Ofelt theory was employed to calculate the Tm 3+ transition probabilities yielding a radiative lifetime of the 3 F 4 state of 2.59 ms. The corresponding intensity parameters are Ω 2 = 5.194, Ω 4 = 0.658, Ω 6 = 0.471 [10 −20 cm 2 ] and α = 0.110 [10 −4 cm]. Tm,Li:ZnWO 4 features strongly polarized emission spectra extending beyond 2 μm owing to a large total Stark splitting of the ground-state, Δ E ( 3 H 6 ) = 644 cm −1 . The stimulated-emission cross-section in this spectral range reaches 0.47 × 10 −20 cm 2 at 2015 nm for light polarization E || N p . The continuous-wave Tm,Li:ZnWO 4 laser generated 282 mW at 1.98 μm with a slope efficiency of 14.7 %, and laser emission at 2.03 μm was also achieved. • Czochralski growth of monoclinic Tm 3+ , Na + (Li + ) codoped zinc monotungstate (ZnWO 4 ). • Li + codoping provides higher Tm 3+ segregation and longer luminescence lifetime. • Tm,Li:ZnWO 4 features strongly polarized emission spectra extending beyond 2 μm. • The stimulated-emission cross-section is 0.47 × 10 −20 cm 2 at 2015 nm. • First continuous-wave laser operation of Tm,Li:ZnWO 4 crystal at 2 μm is demonstrated.
SN - 0925-3467
SN - 1873-1252
ER -