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Peer-reviewedCC BYJournal of veterinary internal medicine

Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy incidence and case fatality rates in the USA.

  • Albert Picado1
  • Alice Mundt2
  • Gessica Tore1
  • Aissatou Diawara3
  • Tobias Warnken4
  • Jeroen Kortekaas1
4 affiliations
  1. 1Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health France, Saint-Priest, France.
  2. 2Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany.
  3. 3Global Innovation, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health France, Saint-Vulbas, France.
  4. 4Global Strategic Marketing, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany.
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Abstract

Background

Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) myeloencephalopathy (EHM) has substantial animal welfare and economic consequences. Despite extensive research, population-level estimates of EHM incidence and case fatality rates remain poorly characterized.Hypothesis/objectives

Describe the burden of EHM and estimate EHM attack and case fatality rates in the United States.Animals

None.Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted using surveillance data collected by the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) in the United States during 2019-2023. Regression models were used to estimate the mean annual EHM incidence and to quantify attack and fatality rates. The incidence and potential seasonality of EHM by age category were also assessed.Results

Surveillance data showed that isolated EHM cases predominated, and the estimated mean annual incidence in the United States was 6.7 per million horses (95% CI, 4.9-8.9). The attack rate was 4.3% (95% CI, 3.5-5.4) and the case fatality rate was 49.5% (95% CI, 40.5-60.5). In the United States, older horses (>19 years) had higher EHM incidence than younger horses. Cases were more frequent from January to June, peaking in March.Conclusions and clinical importance

Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy is an uncommon clinical manifestation of EHV-1 infection, but the high case fatality rate emphasizes the clinical relevance of this condition.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{picado2026equine,
  title = {{Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy incidence and case fatality rates in the USA.}},
  author = {Albert Picado and Alice Mundt and Gessica Tore and Aissatou Diawara and Tobias Warnken and Jeroen Kortekaas},
  journal = {Journal of veterinary internal medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1093/jvimsj/aalag271},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42955825},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy incidence and case fatality rates in the USA.
AU  - Albert Picado
AU  - Alice Mundt
AU  - Gessica Tore
AU  - Aissatou Diawara
AU  - Tobias Warnken
AU  - Jeroen Kortekaas
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/01
JO  - Journal of veterinary internal medicine
DO  - 10.1093/jvimsj/aalag271
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42955825
AB  - Background  Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) myeloencephalopathy (EHM) has substantial animal welfare and economic consequences. Despite extensive research, population-level estimates of EHM incidence and case fatality rates remain poorly characterized.Hypothesis/objectives  Describe the burden of EHM and estimate EHM attack and case fatality rates in the United States.Animals  None.Methods  A retrospective observational study was conducted using surveillance data collected by the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) in the United States during 2019-2023. Regression models were used to estimate the mean annual EHM incidence and to quantify attack and fatality rates. The incidence and potential seasonality of EHM by age category were also assessed.Results  Surveillance data showed that isolated EHM cases predominated, and the estimated mean annual incidence in the United States was 6.7 per million horses (95% CI, 4.9-8.9). The attack rate was 4.3% (95% CI, 3.5-5.4) and the case fatality rate was 49.5% (95% CI, 40.5-60.5). In the United States, older horses (>19 years) had higher EHM incidence than younger horses. Cases were more frequent from January to June, peaking in March.Conclusions and clinical importance  Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy is an uncommon clinical manifestation of EHV-1 infection, but the high case fatality rate emphasizes the clinical relevance of this condition.
SN  - 0891-6640
SN  - 1939-1676
ER  -