Role of E-F Coupling on Low-latitude Ingression of Mid-latitude MSTIDs over the Indian Subcontinent
Abstract
This study provides the first observational evidence that E-F region electrodynamic coupling regulates the southernmost latitudinal extent of nighttime mid-latitude medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) over the Indian subcontinent. We have analyzed multiple MSTID events using total electron content (TEC) measurements from a dense network of dual-frequency GNSS receivers across India, GNSS radio occultation (RO) profiles, and ionosonde observations from New Delhi during May-July 2025, a high solar activity period. The lowest geographic latitude, at which MSTIDs wavefronts reached, varied between 17°N and 25°N. Their low-latitude extension showed no significant correlation with background TEC, but was positively correlated with the geomagnetically mapped southernmost latitude of sporadic-E (Es) layers identified from GNSS-RO measurements. These events occurred during high solar activity, when F-region MSTID growth is generally suppressed. Therefore, our results suggest that electrodynamic coupling with the underlying Es-layers is essential for sustaining MSTIDs and enabling their low-latitude penetration during solar maxima.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{upadhyaya2026role,
title = {{Role of E-F Coupling on Low-latitude Ingression of Mid-latitude MSTIDs over the Indian Subcontinent}},
author = {Jeevan Upadhyaya and Dipjyoti Patgiri and Mehta Harsh Jayeshkumar and Rahul Rathi and Virendra Yadav and Satarupa Chakrabarti and Arun K. Upadhayaya and Sumanta Sarkhel},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.09310},
eprint = {2611.09310},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.09310},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Role of E-F Coupling on Low-latitude Ingression of Mid-latitude MSTIDs over the Indian Subcontinent
AU - Jeevan Upadhyaya
AU - Dipjyoti Patgiri
AU - Mehta Harsh Jayeshkumar
AU - Rahul Rathi
AU - Virendra Yadav
AU - Satarupa Chakrabarti
AU - Arun K. Upadhayaya
AU - Sumanta Sarkhel
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/06
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.09310
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.09310
AB - This study provides the first observational evidence that E-F region electrodynamic coupling regulates the southernmost latitudinal extent of nighttime mid-latitude medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) over the Indian subcontinent. We have analyzed multiple MSTID events using total electron content (TEC) measurements from a dense network of dual-frequency GNSS receivers across India, GNSS radio occultation (RO) profiles, and ionosonde observations from New Delhi during May-July 2025, a high solar activity period. The lowest geographic latitude, at which MSTIDs wavefronts reached, varied between 17°N and 25°N. Their low-latitude extension showed no significant correlation with background TEC, but was positively correlated with the geomagnetically mapped southernmost latitude of sporadic-E (Es) layers identified from GNSS-RO measurements. These events occurred during high solar activity, when F-region MSTID growth is generally suppressed. Therefore, our results suggest that electrodynamic coupling with the underlying Es-layers is essential for sustaining MSTIDs and enabling their low-latitude penetration during solar maxima.
ER -