Probing the nature of Galactic microquasars with diffuse gamma rays and neutrinos: low-mass versus high-mass X-ray binaries
Abstract
The observations of sub-PeV gamma-ray emission have provided strong evidence for a Galactic origin of the cosmic-ray "knee" region. Meanwhile, mounting observations have ruled out most supernova remnants as sources of PeV cosmic rays, i.e., the so-called PeVatrons. Recently, a new type of PeVatron candidate, microquasars, has received much attention. Studies indicate that microquasars could be the dominant contributor to PeV cosmic rays. However, the spatial distribution of microquasars is not known. They could belong to either LMXBs or HMXBs, depending on the mass of the optical companion star. In this work, we study which type could be the dominant by means of very high energy gamma rays and neutrinos. We find that the diffuse gamma-ray distributions along the Galactic longitude are quite different due to the spatial distributions of these two kinds of sources. If the very high energy gamma rays are dominated by the distribution of LMXBs, the gamma-ray distribution would be more concentrated toward the direction of the Galactic center. Furthermore, we also find that HMXB distribution cannot account for the latest observations of Galactic diffuse neutrinos. Higher-precision measurements of the Galactic diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes with LHAASO, HAWC, IceCube, and KM3NeT will allow the spatial distribution of the microquasar population to be determined and the origin of the knee to be tested.
Related
- PeV Diffuse Neutrinos from Magnetically Arrested Disks in Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei
- Combined constraints on the diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos between 10^16 eV and 10^26 eV
- The First Array-Wide Diffuse Flux Search for UHE Neutrinos with the Askaryan Radio Array
- Probing massive star formation with intrinsic multiplicity constraints from TESS eclipsing binaries
- Diffuse Supernova Neutrinos with Secret Neutrino Interactions
BibTeX
@misc{zhang2026probing,
title = {{Probing the nature of Galactic microquasars with diffuse gamma rays and neutrinos: low-mass versus high-mass X-ray binaries}},
author = {Pei-Pei Zhang and Wei Liu and Zong-Kang Zeng and You-Liang Feng and Yi-Qing Guo},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.01000},
eprint = {2611.01000},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01000},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Probing the nature of Galactic microquasars with diffuse gamma rays and neutrinos: low-mass versus high-mass X-ray binaries
AU - Pei-Pei Zhang
AU - Wei Liu
AU - Zong-Kang Zeng
AU - You-Liang Feng
AU - Yi-Qing Guo
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.01000
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.01000
AB - The observations of sub-PeV gamma-ray emission have provided strong evidence for a Galactic origin of the cosmic-ray "knee" region. Meanwhile, mounting observations have ruled out most supernova remnants as sources of PeV cosmic rays, i.e., the so-called PeVatrons. Recently, a new type of PeVatron candidate, microquasars, has received much attention. Studies indicate that microquasars could be the dominant contributor to PeV cosmic rays. However, the spatial distribution of microquasars is not known. They could belong to either LMXBs or HMXBs, depending on the mass of the optical companion star. In this work, we study which type could be the dominant by means of very high energy gamma rays and neutrinos. We find that the diffuse gamma-ray distributions along the Galactic longitude are quite different due to the spatial distributions of these two kinds of sources. If the very high energy gamma rays are dominated by the distribution of LMXBs, the gamma-ray distribution would be more concentrated toward the direction of the Galactic center. Furthermore, we also find that HMXB distribution cannot account for the latest observations of Galactic diffuse neutrinos. Higher-precision measurements of the Galactic diffuse gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes with LHAASO, HAWC, IceCube, and KM3NeT will allow the spatial distribution of the microquasar population to be determined and the origin of the knee to be tested.
ER -