Associations of beans, bean products, and soy isoflavone intake with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study.
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China.
- 2School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- 3Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China. [email protected].
- 4Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, China. [email protected].
- 5Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research On Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China. [email protected].
Abstract
Background
Current evidence on the association between beans and bean products intake and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains limited. In vitro and animal studies suggest that soy isoflavones exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially conferring renal protective effects. However, large-scale epidemiological studies are lacking to clarify the association between soy isoflavone intake and CKD.Objective
Investigating the association between beans and bean products intake, soy isoflavones, and CKD in the Northeast China Biobank (NEC-Biobank) based on Northeast China Regional Population.Methods
From July 2018 to December 2019, we enrolled 27,003 participants aged ≥ 18 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 110-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). CKD was defined by reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or the presence of proteinuria. The intake of each independent variable was adjusted using the nutrient residual method. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to examine associations between beans and bean products residual-adjusted intake, soy isoflavones, and CKD prevalence. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were performed to evaluate potential nonlinear associations.Results
Among 27,003 participants, 900 individuals had CKD. After multivariable adjustment using the lowest intake quartile as reference, we observed residual-adjusted intake the highest level of total beans and bean products was inversely associated with the prevalence of CKD (Odds Ratios [OR] and 95% Confidence Intervals [CI]) were 0.67, (0.54-0.82), P for trend < 0.001. Similar results were also observed in the association between soy isoflavones and CKD. Compare with the lowest quartile, OR and 95% CI of highest intake of soy isoflavones were 0.70 (0.58-0.86), P for trend < 0.001. In subgroup analysis, the association was also observed in all other subgroups except for the Han ethnicity group.Conclusion
Intake of beans/bean products and soy isoflavones was inversely associated with CKD prevalence, indicating a potential protective relationship. However, due to the cross-sectional design, these observational findings cannot establish causality and warrant confirmation in future large-scale prospective studies.
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BibTeX
@article{zhang2026associations,
title = {{Associations of beans, bean products, and soy isoflavone intake with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study.}},
author = {Song Zhang and Chao Ji and Yang Xia and Yuhong Zhao},
journal = {Nutrition journal},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1186/s12937-026-01380-0},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42972572},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Associations of beans, bean products, and soy isoflavone intake with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study.
AU - Song Zhang
AU - Chao Ji
AU - Yang Xia
AU - Yuhong Zhao
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/05
JO - Nutrition journal
DO - 10.1186/s12937-026-01380-0
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42972572
AB - Background Current evidence on the association between beans and bean products intake and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains limited. In vitro and animal studies suggest that soy isoflavones exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially conferring renal protective effects. However, large-scale epidemiological studies are lacking to clarify the association between soy isoflavone intake and CKD.Objective Investigating the association between beans and bean products intake, soy isoflavones, and CKD in the Northeast China Biobank (NEC-Biobank) based on Northeast China Regional Population.Methods From July 2018 to December 2019, we enrolled 27,003 participants aged ≥ 18 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 110-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). CKD was defined by reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or the presence of proteinuria. The intake of each independent variable was adjusted using the nutrient residual method. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to examine associations between beans and bean products residual-adjusted intake, soy isoflavones, and CKD prevalence. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were performed to evaluate potential nonlinear associations.Results Among 27,003 participants, 900 individuals had CKD. After multivariable adjustment using the lowest intake quartile as reference, we observed residual-adjusted intake the highest level of total beans and bean products was inversely associated with the prevalence of CKD (Odds Ratios [OR] and 95% Confidence Intervals [CI]) were 0.67, (0.54-0.82), P for trend < 0.001. Similar results were also observed in the association between soy isoflavones and CKD. Compare with the lowest quartile, OR and 95% CI of highest intake of soy isoflavones were 0.70 (0.58-0.86), P for trend < 0.001. In subgroup analysis, the association was also observed in all other subgroups except for the Han ethnicity group.Conclusion Intake of beans/bean products and soy isoflavones was inversely associated with CKD prevalence, indicating a potential protective relationship. However, due to the cross-sectional design, these observational findings cannot establish causality and warrant confirmation in future large-scale prospective studies.
SN - 1475-2891
ER -