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Peer-reviewedCC BYSmart medicine

A Modular Polysaccharide Platform With Tannic Acid‐Driven van der Waals Lock‐In for Programmable Protein Delivery

  • Weibin Wu1
  • Zheng Peng1
  • Zehua Liu2
  • Yi Yu1
  • Danyang Chen1
  • Jiarou Zhong3,4
  • Fuhua Zhang2
  • Yuting Fan2
  • Shaogui He5
  • Ruolan Ye6
  • Shan Jiang3
  • Yun Hong3
2 more authors
  • Caisheng Wu3,4,5
  • Qiang Xie1
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen China
  2. 2Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
  3. 3Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cell Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China
  4. 4Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence‐Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen China
  5. 5State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory Xiamen Fujian China
  6. 6School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China
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Abstract

Protein delivery systems face persistent challenges, including low encapsulation efficiency, limited targeting ability, and lack of generalizability. Here, we propose a modular and programmable polysaccharide‐based platform, enabling efficient encapsulation of a wide range of proteins, and tunable targeting across different cell types. The stepwise assembly applies tannic acid (TA) for protein surface stabilization. This rewires the encapsulation mechanism from unstable electrostatic binding to robust van der Waals‐driven protein lock‐in. The TA‐protein complex can be encapsulated in an interchangeable polysaccharide nano‐framework, exploiting the lectin‐glycan recognition pattern to direct cell‐ and disease‐specific targeting. The TA‐Polysaccharide Encapsulation (TAPE) system robustly achieves > 85% encapsulation efficiency (EE) across a range of proteins, and tailoring the polysaccharide choice enables programmable targeting to distinct cell types. As a proof of concept, hirudin‐loaded TAPE achieved targeted anticoagulant treatment in vivo. Overall, our work positions TAPE as a simple and generalizable platform that overcomes fundamental barriers in protein delivery, offering wide translational potential for protein‐based therapies.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{wu2026modular,
  title = {{A Modular Polysaccharide Platform With Tannic Acid‐Driven van der Waals Lock‐In for Programmable Protein Delivery}},
  author = {Weibin Wu and Zheng Peng and Zehua Liu and Yi Yu and Danyang Chen and Jiarou Zhong and Fuhua Zhang and Yuting Fan and Shaogui He and Ruolan Ye and Shan Jiang and Yun Hong and Caisheng Wu and Qiang Xie},
  journal = {Smart medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1002/smmd.70061},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13720230},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Modular Polysaccharide Platform With Tannic Acid‐Driven van der Waals Lock‐In for Programmable Protein Delivery
AU  - Weibin Wu
AU  - Zheng Peng
AU  - Zehua Liu
AU  - Yi Yu
AU  - Danyang Chen
AU  - Jiarou Zhong
AU  - Fuhua Zhang
AU  - Yuting Fan
AU  - Shaogui He
AU  - Ruolan Ye
AU  - Shan Jiang
AU  - Yun Hong
AU  - Caisheng Wu
AU  - Qiang Xie
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Smart medicine
DO  - 10.1002/smmd.70061
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13720230
AB  - Protein delivery systems face persistent challenges, including low encapsulation efficiency, limited targeting ability, and lack of generalizability. Here, we propose a modular and programmable polysaccharide‐based platform, enabling efficient encapsulation of a wide range of proteins, and tunable targeting across different cell types. The stepwise assembly applies tannic acid (TA) for protein surface stabilization. This rewires the encapsulation mechanism from unstable electrostatic binding to robust van der Waals‐driven protein lock‐in. The TA‐protein complex can be encapsulated in an interchangeable polysaccharide nano‐framework, exploiting the lectin‐glycan recognition pattern to direct cell‐ and disease‐specific targeting. The TA‐Polysaccharide Encapsulation (TAPE) system robustly achieves > 85% encapsulation efficiency (EE) across a range of proteins, and tailoring the polysaccharide choice enables programmable targeting to distinct cell types. As a proof of concept, hirudin‐loaded TAPE achieved targeted anticoagulant treatment in vivo. Overall, our work positions TAPE as a simple and generalizable platform that overcomes fundamental barriers in protein delivery, offering wide translational potential for protein‐based therapies.
SN  - 2751-1863
SN  - 2751-1871
ER  -