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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Frontiers in Psychiatry

Anxiety and depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in girls with central precocious puberty versus isolated premature thelarche: a comparative cross-sectional study

  • Burak Kamış1
  • Semine Özdemir Dilek2
  • Gürkan Tarçın3
  1. 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences
  2. 2Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences
  3. 3Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University
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Abstract

Introduction: Previous studies have examined psychological symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) and isolated premature thelarche (IPT), but findings from direct comparisons have been inconsistent. We aimed to compare anxiety and depressive symptoms and HRQoL between girls with CPP and IPT and to examine associations between psychological symptom burden and HRQoL.

Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included 50 girls (mean age, 8.33 ± 0.23 years), including 18 with idiopathic CPP and 32 with IPT. Breast development had first been recognized before 8 years of age in all participants. Psychological questionnaires were administered on the same day as the endocrinological evaluation. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using SCARED, RCADS-CV, and CDI, and self-reported HRQoL was assessed using PedsQL 4.0. Between-group comparisons incorporated Benjamini–Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction. Spearman correlations and exploratory hierarchical linear regression were performed.

Results: No between-group differences in anxiety, depressive symptoms, or HRQoL remained statistically significant after FDR correction. Clinically elevated SCARED scores occurred in 38.9% of girls with CPP and 53.1% with IPT (p=0.333), while CDI scores ≥19 occurred in 11.1% and 18.8%, respectively (p=0.694). In the combined sample, psychological symptom scores were inversely correlated with PedsQL total scores (Spearman’s r s =−0.568 to −0.720; all p<0.001). In exploratory regression adjusted for endocrine phenotype, BMI SDS, and symptom duration, SCARED (β=−0.382, p=0.003) and CDI (β=−0.481, p<0.001) scores were associated with lower PedsQL total scores.

Discussion: Higher anxiety and depressive symptom scores were associated with lower HRQoL in this clinical sample. The absence of statistically significant CPP–IPT differences does not establish equivalence or exclude a contribution of endocrine factors. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kamıs2026anxiety,
  title = {{Anxiety and depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in girls with central precocious puberty versus isolated premature thelarche: a comparative cross-sectional study}},
  author = {Burak Kamış and Semine Özdemir Dilek and Gürkan Tarçın},
  journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1971843},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1971843/full},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Anxiety and depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in girls with central precocious puberty versus isolated premature thelarche: a comparative cross-sectional study
AU  - Burak Kamış
AU  - Semine Özdemir Dilek
AU  - Gürkan Tarçın
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/16
JO  - Frontiers in Psychiatry
DO  - 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1971843
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1971843/full
AB  - Introduction: Previous studies have examined psychological symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) and isolated premature thelarche (IPT), but findings from direct comparisons have been inconsistent. We aimed to compare anxiety and depressive symptoms and HRQoL between girls with CPP and IPT and to examine associations between psychological symptom burden and HRQoL.  Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included 50 girls (mean age, 8.33 ± 0.23 years), including 18 with idiopathic CPP and 32 with IPT. Breast development had first been recognized before 8 years of age in all participants. Psychological questionnaires were administered on the same day as the endocrinological evaluation. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using SCARED, RCADS-CV, and CDI, and self-reported HRQoL was assessed using PedsQL 4.0. Between-group comparisons incorporated Benjamini–Hochberg false-discovery-rate correction. Spearman correlations and exploratory hierarchical linear regression were performed.  Results: No between-group differences in anxiety, depressive symptoms, or HRQoL remained statistically significant after FDR correction. Clinically elevated SCARED scores occurred in 38.9% of girls with CPP and 53.1% with IPT (p=0.333), while CDI scores ≥19 occurred in 11.1% and 18.8%, respectively (p=0.694). In the combined sample, psychological symptom scores were inversely correlated with PedsQL total scores (Spearman’s r s =−0.568 to −0.720; all p<0.001). In exploratory regression adjusted for endocrine phenotype, BMI SDS, and symptom duration, SCARED (β=−0.382, p=0.003) and CDI (β=−0.481, p<0.001) scores were associated with lower PedsQL total scores.  Discussion: Higher anxiety and depressive symptom scores were associated with lower HRQoL in this clinical sample. The absence of statistically significant CPP–IPT differences does not establish equivalence or exclude a contribution of endocrine factors. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations.
SN  - 1664-0640
ER  -