Mapping parameters of idealised hydrodynamic galaxy simulations to bar properties: a case study with the RAMSES code
Abstract
Cosmological simulations with high spatial resolution often struggle to reproduce the observed fraction of galactic bars across redshift and may produce bars that are too short. To investigate these issues from a purely Newtonian dynamical perspective, we run a grid of idealised hydrodynamic simulations of disc galaxies with stellar masses of ∼1010,M⊙ using {\tt RAMSES}. Without cooling, star formation, or feedback, we vary the resolution, gas mass, stellar velocity dispersion, bulge mass, halo mass, and concentration to identify the conditions that inhibit bar formation. We test whether initially axisymmetric discs form bars over the typical time elapsed between z∼1 and z∼0.2. We find that most diagnostics proposed in the literature are too simplistic to reliably predict bar formation. However, a region of parameter space that strongly inhibits bar formation is identified: a high Romeo-Falstad stability parameter, with a threshold that decreases quadratically with bulge mass, combined with a high generalised Efstathiou-Lake-Negroponte (ELN) parameter that accounts for the bulge. Lower gas fractions and larger numbers of dark matter particles also tend to reduce the bar growth rate. We argue that if a bar is destroyed, for example by bulge formation, after the galaxy enters this bar-inhibiting region, re-formation may be difficult. This suggests that a modern version of the angular momentum catastrophe may persist in large-volume cosmological simulations. Finally, we confirm that only baryon-dominated discs lying away from the stellar-to-halo-mass relation expected from abundance matching can form bars sufficiently large relative to their corotation radius.
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BibTeX
@misc{nagesh2026mapping,
title = {{Mapping parameters of idealised hydrodynamic galaxy simulations to bar properties: a case study with the RAMSES code}},
author = {Srikanth T. Nagesh and Benoit Famaey and Jonathan Freundlich and Yves Revaz and Giacomo Monari and Arnaud Siebert and Rodrigo Ibata},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.13404},
eprint = {2609.13404},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.13404},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Mapping parameters of idealised hydrodynamic galaxy simulations to bar properties: a case study with the RAMSES code
AU - Srikanth T. Nagesh
AU - Benoit Famaey
AU - Jonathan Freundlich
AU - Yves Revaz
AU - Giacomo Monari
AU - Arnaud Siebert
AU - Rodrigo Ibata
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/11
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.13404
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.13404
AB - Cosmological simulations with high spatial resolution often struggle to reproduce the observed fraction of galactic bars across redshift and may produce bars that are too short. To investigate these issues from a purely Newtonian dynamical perspective, we run a grid of idealised hydrodynamic simulations of disc galaxies with stellar masses of ∼10^10,M_⊙ using {\tt RAMSES}. Without cooling, star formation, or feedback, we vary the resolution, gas mass, stellar velocity dispersion, bulge mass, halo mass, and concentration to identify the conditions that inhibit bar formation. We test whether initially axisymmetric discs form bars over the typical time elapsed between z∼1 and z∼0.2. We find that most diagnostics proposed in the literature are too simplistic to reliably predict bar formation. However, a region of parameter space that strongly inhibits bar formation is identified: a high Romeo-Falstad stability parameter, with a threshold that decreases quadratically with bulge mass, combined with a high generalised Efstathiou-Lake-Negroponte (ELN) parameter that accounts for the bulge. Lower gas fractions and larger numbers of dark matter particles also tend to reduce the bar growth rate. We argue that if a bar is destroyed, for example by bulge formation, after the galaxy enters this bar-inhibiting region, re-formation may be difficult. This suggests that a modern version of the angular momentum catastrophe may persist in large-volume cosmological simulations. Finally, we confirm that only baryon-dominated discs lying away from the stellar-to-halo-mass relation expected from abundance matching can form bars sufficiently large relative to their corotation radius.
ER -