Stellar Yields of Rapidly Rotating Population III Stars for the High Redshift Universe

Abstract

JWST has revealed rapid nitrogen enrichment in high redshift galaxies, renewing the need for stellar yields that follow metal free stars beyond the main sequence and across their final fates. We present Geneva stellar evolution models of rapidly rotating Pop~III stars with 5 ≤ M_ini/M_⊙ ≤ 200 and υ_ini/υ_crit=0.7, evolved to the end of core O-burning. We calculate gross adopted ejecta masses using fate dependent remnant prescriptions spanning core collapse, pulsational pair instability, and complete pair instability. Our quantitative results focus on hydrostatically produced CNO material, while heavier species are treated as final-model reservoirs. Rotation produces primary CNO material by mixing newly synthesized C and O into H-burning layers, where CNO cycling generates nitrogen. The resulting abundance signature depends strongly on which stellar layers escape. Models leaving compact remnants can reach log(N/O)=−0.49 while remaining poor in Si/S/Ar/Ca-rich material. PISN models eject the largest nitrogen masses, M_N=1.8--2.5,M_⊙, but also release $57−−65,M_\odot$ of oxygen, lowering log(N/O) to −1.44 to −1.29. Thus, high nitrogen yields do not imply high N/O ratios. This trend persists after IMF weighting, as increasingly top-heavy populations add oxygen and deep alpha material faster than they build a nitrogen dominated mixture. Our grid provides a new CNO-focused prompt-enrichment dataset for interpreting nitrogen-rich systems including GN-z11, CEERS-1019, and GS~3073.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{nandal2026stellar,
  title = {{Stellar Yields of Rapidly Rotating Population III Stars for the High Redshift Universe}},
  author = {Devesh Nandal and Konstantinos Topalakis and Vasilisa Sergienko and Doga Eker and Efe K. Celep and Danielle A. Berg and Daniel J. Whalen and Sophie Tsiatsiou and Raphael Hirschi},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.21939},
  eprint = {2609.21939},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.21939},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Stellar Yields of Rapidly Rotating Population III Stars for the High Redshift Universe
AU  - Devesh Nandal
AU  - Konstantinos Topalakis
AU  - Vasilisa Sergienko
AU  - Doga Eker
AU  - Efe K. Celep
AU  - Danielle A. Berg
AU  - Daniel J. Whalen
AU  - Sophie Tsiatsiou
AU  - Raphael Hirschi
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/18
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.21939
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.21939
AB  - JWST has revealed rapid nitrogen enrichment in high redshift galaxies, renewing the need for stellar yields that follow metal free stars beyond the main sequence and across their final fates. We present Geneva stellar evolution models of rapidly rotating Pop~III stars with 5 ≤ M_ini/M_⊙ ≤ 200 and υ_ini/υ_crit=0.7, evolved to the end of core O-burning. We calculate gross adopted ejecta masses using fate dependent remnant prescriptions spanning core collapse, pulsational pair instability, and complete pair instability. Our quantitative results focus on hydrostatically produced CNO material, while heavier species are treated as final-model reservoirs. Rotation produces primary CNO material by mixing newly synthesized C and O into H-burning layers, where CNO cycling generates nitrogen. The resulting abundance signature depends strongly on which stellar layers escape. Models leaving compact remnants can reach log(N/O)=−0.49 while remaining poor in Si/S/Ar/Ca-rich material. PISN models eject the largest nitrogen masses, M_N=1.8--2.5,M_⊙, but also release $57−−65,M_\odot$ of oxygen, lowering log(N/O) to −1.44 to −1.29. Thus, high nitrogen yields do not imply high N/O ratios. This trend persists after IMF weighting, as increasingly top-heavy populations add oxygen and deep alpha material faster than they build a nitrogen dominated mixture. Our grid provides a new CNO-focused prompt-enrichment dataset for interpreting nitrogen-rich systems including GN-z11, CEERS-1019, and GS~3073.
ER  -

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