Imaging ablator-fuel mix of hot spot in inertial confinement fusion via resonant X-ray absorption using an X-ray free electron laser
Abstract
A novel diagnostic is proposed for active probing of doped inertial confinement fusion (ICF) spherical shells, enabling direct measurements of mix and burn dynamics at next-generation implosion facilities via resonant absorption imaging with an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). The charge-state-sensitive imaging of embedded dopants provides spatiotemporally resolved constraints on ionization, opacity, and material mix seeded by hydrodynamic instabilities in stagnated plasmas. Proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating resonant XFEL probing of hot spot in coated copper wires driven by an ultra-short relativistic laser pulse, have established the feasibility of this approach. Furthermore, atomic and radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, combined with synthetic resonant X-ray absorption imaging, extend the diagnostic concept to laser-driven direct-drive ICF shells with copper-doped ablators and radiation-driven indirect-drive shells with tungsten-doped ablators. This unique approach, combining a laser-driven implosion facility with a high-brightness XFEL, could enable precise measurements of fusion-relevant hot dense plasmas at multi-keV temperatures, provide stringent benchmarks for radiation-hydrodynamics models, and advance the realization of inertial fusion energy.
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BibTeX
@misc{huang2026imaging,
title = {{Imaging ablator-fuel mix of hot spot in inertial confinement fusion via resonant X-ray absorption using an X-ray free electron laser}},
author = {Lingen Huang and Long Yang and Alejandro Laso Garcia and Oliver S. Humphries and Michal Šmíd and Mikhail Mishchenko and Victorien Bouffetier and Carsten Baehtz and Erik Brambrink and Samuele D. Di Dio Cafiso and Gabriel Pérez-Callejo and Yangzhe Cui and Thea Engler and Wen Feng and Sebastian Göde and Joerg Grenzer and Christian Gutt and Johannes Hagemann and Marie-Luise Herbert and Arthur Hirsch-Passicos and Hauke Höppner and Thomas Kluge and Dominik Kraus and Julian Lütgert and Masruri Masruri and Motoaki Nakatsutsumi and Özgül Öztürk and Paweł Ordyna and Xiayun Pan and Franziska Paschke-Bruehl and Alexander Pelka and Thomas R. Preston and Chongbing Qu and S. V. Rahul and Lisa Randolph and Martin Rehwald and Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt and Samuel Schumacher and Ulrich Schramm and Jan-Patrick Schwinkendorf and Georgiy Shoulga and Monika Toncian and Jan Vorberger and Karl Zeil and Ulf Zastrau and Toma Toncian and Thomas E. Cowan},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.11603},
eprint = {2610.11603},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11603},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Imaging ablator-fuel mix of hot spot in inertial confinement fusion via resonant X-ray absorption using an X-ray free electron laser
AU - Lingen Huang
AU - Long Yang
AU - Alejandro Laso Garcia
AU - Oliver S. Humphries
AU - Michal Šmíd
AU - Mikhail Mishchenko
AU - Victorien Bouffetier
AU - Carsten Baehtz
AU - Erik Brambrink
AU - Samuele D. Di Dio Cafiso
AU - Gabriel Pérez-Callejo
AU - Yangzhe Cui
AU - Thea Engler
AU - Wen Feng
AU - Sebastian Göde
AU - Joerg Grenzer
AU - Christian Gutt
AU - Johannes Hagemann
AU - Marie-Luise Herbert
AU - Arthur Hirsch-Passicos
AU - Hauke Höppner
AU - Thomas Kluge
AU - Dominik Kraus
AU - Julian Lütgert
AU - Masruri Masruri
AU - Motoaki Nakatsutsumi
AU - Özgül Öztürk
AU - Paweł Ordyna
AU - Xiayun Pan
AU - Franziska Paschke-Bruehl
AU - Alexander Pelka
AU - Thomas R. Preston
AU - Chongbing Qu
AU - S. V. Rahul
AU - Lisa Randolph
AU - Martin Rehwald
AU - Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt
AU - Samuel Schumacher
AU - Ulrich Schramm
AU - Jan-Patrick Schwinkendorf
AU - Georgiy Shoulga
AU - Monika Toncian
AU - Jan Vorberger
AU - Karl Zeil
AU - Ulf Zastrau
AU - Toma Toncian
AU - Thomas E. Cowan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/08
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.11603
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11603
AB - A novel diagnostic is proposed for active probing of doped inertial confinement fusion (ICF) spherical shells, enabling direct measurements of mix and burn dynamics at next-generation implosion facilities via resonant absorption imaging with an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). The charge-state-sensitive imaging of embedded dopants provides spatiotemporally resolved constraints on ionization, opacity, and material mix seeded by hydrodynamic instabilities in stagnated plasmas. Proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating resonant XFEL probing of hot spot in coated copper wires driven by an ultra-short relativistic laser pulse, have established the feasibility of this approach. Furthermore, atomic and radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, combined with synthetic resonant X-ray absorption imaging, extend the diagnostic concept to laser-driven direct-drive ICF shells with copper-doped ablators and radiation-driven indirect-drive shells with tungsten-doped ablators. This unique approach, combining a laser-driven implosion facility with a high-brightness XFEL, could enable precise measurements of fusion-relevant hot dense plasmas at multi-keV temperatures, provide stringent benchmarks for radiation-hydrodynamics models, and advance the realization of inertial fusion energy.
ER -