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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

Model-Independent Determination of Intrinsic Leptonic CP Violation

  • Ting Cheng
  • Kevin J. Kelly
  • Max Knobbe
  • Pedro A. N. Machado
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Abstract

Establishing leptonic Charge-Parity (CP) violation is a central goal of the next generation of long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. To achieve this, experimental analyses focus on excluding the CP-conserving values δCP=0,π within the standard three-neutrino framework. We propose instead to establish CP violation as a phenomenon in a model-independent way. We use Gaussian Process regression to infer the νμ→νe and ν̅μ→ν̅e appearance probabilities in a parametrization-free manner at DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande. By combining the two experiments, with mild assumptions on how matter impacts oscillations, we estimate how they can probe intrinsic CP violation in neutrino oscillations together. Taking the standard three-neutrino framework as a benchmark, we show that these experiments, when combined, can establish model-independent CP violation at 3σ for over 60% of the values of δCP.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{cheng2026modelindependent,
  title = {{Model-Independent Determination of Intrinsic Leptonic CP Violation}},
  author = {Ting Cheng and Kevin J. Kelly and Max Knobbe and Pedro A. N. Machado},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.37744},
  eprint = {2610.37744},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.37744},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Model-Independent Determination of Intrinsic Leptonic CP Violation
AU  - Ting Cheng
AU  - Kevin J. Kelly
AU  - Max Knobbe
AU  - Pedro A. N. Machado
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/27
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.37744
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.37744
AB  - Establishing leptonic Charge-Parity (CP) violation is a central goal of the next generation of long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. To achieve this, experimental analyses focus on excluding the CP-conserving values δ_CP=0,π within the standard three-neutrino framework. We propose instead to establish CP violation as a phenomenon in a model-independent way. We use Gaussian Process regression to infer the ν_μ→ν_e and ν̅_μ→ν̅_e appearance probabilities in a parametrization-free manner at DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande. By combining the two experiments, with mild assumptions on how matter impacts oscillations, we estimate how they can probe intrinsic CP violation in neutrino oscillations together. Taking the standard three-neutrino framework as a benchmark, we show that these experiments, when combined, can establish model-independent CP violation at 3σ for over 60% of the values of δ_CP.
ER  -