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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Protopanaxatriol Inhibits Listeria monocytogenes Infection Through a Multi-Target Virulence Suppression Strategy

  • Junlu Liu1
  • Jiahui Lu1
  • Lanqi Liu1
  • Rui Liu1
  • Biyu Lan1
  • Yingxin Qi1
  • Decheng Yang1
  • Hao Li1
  • Guizhen Wang1
  1. 1College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China
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Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection relies on the synergistic effects of multiple virulence factors, including but not limited to flagella-mediated bacterial motility, listeriolysin O (LLO)-mediated immune evasion and inflammatory response, multiple virulence proteins anchored to the cell wall by SortaseA (SrtA), and internalin-mediated adhesion and invasion. These virulence factors are critical potential targets for developing anti-LM infection inhibitors. This study found that protopanaxatriol (ptt) significantly inhibited the adhesion and invasion of LM into epithelial cells potentially by interfering with internalin A/InlB (InlA/InlB)-mediated host–cell interactions and reducing the transcription of inlA and inlB. InlA was anchored to the cell wall by SrtA, and in silico analysis predicted that ptt may interact with key active residues of SrtA. Additionally, ptt was predicted to interact with LLO and inhibited its oligomer formation, resulting in a loss of its pore-forming activity. Flagella, SrtA, and LLO all affect bacterial biofilm formation; ptt inhibited the formation of biofilms and disrupted mature biofilm without affecting the growth of LM. Finally, ptt protected Galleria mellonella from LLO and LM by increasing survival and alleviating tissue damage. These results indicate that ptt shows excellent potential for the prevention and control of LM infection.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{liu2026protopanaxatriol,
  title = {{Protopanaxatriol Inhibits Listeria monocytogenes Infection Through a Multi-Target Virulence Suppression Strategy}},
  author = {Junlu Liu and Jiahui Lu and Lanqi Liu and Rui Liu and Biyu Lan and Yingxin Qi and Decheng Yang and Hao Li and Guizhen Wang},
  journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/ijms27219745},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9745},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Protopanaxatriol Inhibits Listeria monocytogenes Infection Through a Multi-Target Virulence Suppression Strategy
AU  - Junlu Liu
AU  - Jiahui Lu
AU  - Lanqi Liu
AU  - Rui Liu
AU  - Biyu Lan
AU  - Yingxin Qi
AU  - Decheng Yang
AU  - Hao Li
AU  - Guizhen Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/30
JO  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO  - 10.3390/ijms27219745
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9745
AB  - Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection relies on the synergistic effects of multiple virulence factors, including but not limited to flagella-mediated bacterial motility, listeriolysin O (LLO)-mediated immune evasion and inflammatory response, multiple virulence proteins anchored to the cell wall by SortaseA (SrtA), and internalin-mediated adhesion and invasion. These virulence factors are critical potential targets for developing anti-LM infection inhibitors. This study found that protopanaxatriol (ptt) significantly inhibited the adhesion and invasion of LM into epithelial cells potentially by interfering with internalin A/InlB (InlA/InlB)-mediated host–cell interactions and reducing the transcription of inlA and inlB. InlA was anchored to the cell wall by SrtA, and in silico analysis predicted that ptt may interact with key active residues of SrtA. Additionally, ptt was predicted to interact with LLO and inhibited its oligomer formation, resulting in a loss of its pore-forming activity. Flagella, SrtA, and LLO all affect bacterial biofilm formation; ptt inhibited the formation of biofilms and disrupted mature biofilm without affecting the growth of LM. Finally, ptt protected Galleria mellonella from LLO and LM by increasing survival and alleviating tissue damage. These results indicate that ptt shows excellent potential for the prevention and control of LM infection.
SN  - 1422-0067
ER  -