Dense and porous phase transition study of SEI formation using phase-field method
Abstract
The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is essential for the long-term stability of batteries because it influences the reactions between the electrode and electrolyte. Despite previous studies, the SEI evolution from dense to porous phases remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the SoC-dependent evolution of the SEI using a phase-field framework under open-circuit conditions. Spatially correlated noise is introduced to describe stochastic transport perturbations, and the dense-to-porous transition time is evaluated from the evolution of interface roughness arising from the competition between noise-induced transport and surface relaxation. The simulations reveal three distinct roughness evolution regimes. The predicted transition time generally increases from approximately one month at 20% SoC to more than seven months at 80% SoC, with a pronounced change between 55% and 60%. This change corresponds to the graphite SoC-OCV relation, which controls the interfacial Li0 radical concentration through the Nernst condition. Under dynamic SoC conditions caused by irreversible capacity loss, the transition behavior changes as the SoC evolves during storage. These results show that the SoC-OCV relation is central to determining SEI phase stability and the dense-to-porous transition time under open-circuit storage.
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BibTeX
@misc{jeon2026dense,
title = {{Dense and porous phase transition study of SEI formation using phase-field method}},
author = {Joonyeob Jeon and Lukas Kobbing and Tejs Vegge and Jin Hyun Chang and Birger Horstmann and Ivano Eligio Castelli},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.38679},
eprint = {2609.38679},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38679},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Dense and porous phase transition study of SEI formation using phase-field method
AU - Joonyeob Jeon
AU - Lukas Kobbing
AU - Tejs Vegge
AU - Jin Hyun Chang
AU - Birger Horstmann
AU - Ivano Eligio Castelli
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.38679
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38679
AB - The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is essential for the long-term stability of batteries because it influences the reactions between the electrode and electrolyte. Despite previous studies, the SEI evolution from dense to porous phases remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the SoC-dependent evolution of the SEI using a phase-field framework under open-circuit conditions. Spatially correlated noise is introduced to describe stochastic transport perturbations, and the dense-to-porous transition time is evaluated from the evolution of interface roughness arising from the competition between noise-induced transport and surface relaxation. The simulations reveal three distinct roughness evolution regimes. The predicted transition time generally increases from approximately one month at 20% SoC to more than seven months at 80% SoC, with a pronounced change between 55% and 60%. This change corresponds to the graphite SoC-OCV relation, which controls the interfacial Li0 radical concentration through the Nernst condition. Under dynamic SoC conditions caused by irreversible capacity loss, the transition behavior changes as the SoC evolves during storage. These results show that the SoC-OCV relation is central to determining SEI phase stability and the dense-to-porous transition time under open-circuit storage.
ER -