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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Tropical Medicine & International Health

Vaccine Targets and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae Recovered From Pregnant Women in Brazil

  • Clarissa Campos Barros1
  • Fabíola C. Oliveira Kegele2
  • Maria Francisca da S. N. Soares2
  • Douglas Guedes Ferreira3
  • Geraldo Renato de Paula4
  • Rosana Rocha Barros1
4 affiliations
  1. 1Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil
  2. 2Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
  3. 3Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil
  4. 4Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Abstract

Objectives: The available measure to prevent Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) neonatal infection is intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP), but it is threatened by bacterial resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance and bacterial targets of vaccines at the most advanced stage of development.

Methods: GBS isolates (n = 222) recovered from pregnant women between 2019 and 2024 were subjected to capsular polysaccharides and alpha‐like proteins investigation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance determinants and genetic diversity of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) isolates were also investigated.

Results: The main capsular types were Ia (78, 35.1%), III (42, 18.9%), V (39, 17.6%) and II (32, 14.4%). Vaccines based on hexavalent capsular polysaccharides and alpha‐like proteins would have 97.3% and 87.5% of predicted efficacy, respectively. Isolates were categorized as not susceptible (NS), that is, intermediate and resistant, to levofloxacin (5, 2.3%), clindamycin (11, 5%), erythromycin (58, 26.1%) and tetracycline (171, 77%). Among erythromycin NS isolates, the M phenotype/mef(A) gene predominated (47, 81%). All levofloxacin‐resistant isolates showed amino acid substitutions in both GyrA (S81L) and ParC (S79F). MDR isolates (10, 4.5%) had distinct genetic backgrounds.

Conclusions: Both immunization approaches would be effective in the population. Although the elevated erythromycin resistance rate, one of the highest reported in the country, clindamycin remains an efficient option in IAP. MDR isolates have not resulted from the dissemination of a single clone, but instead showed a polyclonal origin.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{barros2026vaccine,
  title = {{Vaccine Targets and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae Recovered From Pregnant Women in Brazil}},
  author = {Clarissa Campos Barros and Fabíola C. Oliveira Kegele and Maria Francisca da S. N. Soares and Douglas Guedes Ferreira and Geraldo Renato de Paula and Rosana Rocha Barros},
  journal = {Tropical Medicine \& International Health},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1111/tmi.70212},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.70212},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Vaccine Targets and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae Recovered From Pregnant Women in Brazil
AU  - Clarissa Campos Barros
AU  - Fabíola C. Oliveira Kegele
AU  - Maria Francisca da S. N. Soares
AU  - Douglas Guedes Ferreira
AU  - Geraldo Renato de Paula
AU  - Rosana Rocha Barros
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/30
JO  - Tropical Medicine & International Health
DO  - 10.1111/tmi.70212
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.70212
AB  - Objectives: The available measure to prevent Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) neonatal infection is intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP), but it is threatened by bacterial resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance and bacterial targets of vaccines at the most advanced stage of development.  Methods: GBS isolates (n = 222) recovered from pregnant women between 2019 and 2024 were subjected to capsular polysaccharides and alpha‐like proteins investigation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance determinants and genetic diversity of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) isolates were also investigated.  Results: The main capsular types were Ia (78, 35.1%), III (42, 18.9%), V (39, 17.6%) and II (32, 14.4%). Vaccines based on hexavalent capsular polysaccharides and alpha‐like proteins would have 97.3% and 87.5% of predicted efficacy, respectively. Isolates were categorized as not susceptible (NS), that is, intermediate and resistant, to levofloxacin (5, 2.3%), clindamycin (11, 5%), erythromycin (58, 26.1%) and tetracycline (171, 77%). Among erythromycin NS isolates, the M phenotype/mef(A) gene predominated (47, 81%). All levofloxacin‐resistant isolates showed amino acid substitutions in both GyrA (S81L) and ParC (S79F). MDR isolates (10, 4.5%) had distinct genetic backgrounds.  Conclusions: Both immunization approaches would be effective in the population. Although the elevated erythromycin resistance rate, one of the highest reported in the country, clindamycin remains an efficient option in IAP. MDR isolates have not resulted from the dissemination of a single clone, but instead showed a polyclonal origin.
SN  - 1360-2276
SN  - 1365-3156
ER  -