Genetic and behavioural architecture of childhood eating behaviour and links to obesity risk
- 1Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Abstract
Background/ObjectivesChildhood appetitive traits are heritable behavioural phenotypes hypothesized to link genetic susceptibility to obesity risk. Yet their genetic architecture and role in mediating polygenic adiposity risk remain poorly understood.
MethodsWe conducted the largest survey of childhood eating behaviour to date, allowing us to perform genome-wide association studies of six appetitive domains derived from 18 items of the parent-reported Childrens Eating Behaviour Questionnaire in up to 31,018 eight-year-old children from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A trio-based design enabled decomposition of direct and indirect genetic effects on appetite and BMI.
ResultsWe identified ten independent genome-wide significant loci for childhood eating behaviour, primarily across Food Responsiveness, Satiety Responsiveness, and Food Fussiness, eight of which lie at established childhood or adult BMI loci. Food Responsiveness and Satiety Responsiveness showed both phenotypic and genetic correlations with BMI trajectories from early childhood through adolescence. Statistical mediation analyses indicated that 22.1% and 10.4% of the aggregated genetic association with BMI at age 8 could be decomposed through these traits, respectively. Locus-specific patterns further suggested mechanistic pathways, with the FTO locus acting predominantly via Food Responsiveness, and the ADCY3 locus via Satiety Responsiveness. Trio analyses demonstrated that both BMI and eating behaviour associations were predominantly explained by childrens inherited alleles, with minimal contribution from indirect effect from parental adiposity, although parental genetic liability influenced reporting of Satiety Responsiveness.
ConclusionsChildhood appetitive traits capture a substantial proportion of genetic susceptibility to adiposity through distinct eating behaviour pathways (under standard mediation assumptions). These effects are primarily driven by the childs own genotype rather than indirect parental influences, positioning appetite as a plausible, biologically grounded target for early obesity prevention.
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BibTeX
@misc{karimi2026genetic,
title = {{Genetic and behavioural architecture of childhood eating behaviour and links to obesity risk}},
author = {R. Karimi and M. Baur and G. M. Power and J. H. Sundfjord and N. Fragoso-Bargas and L. Clement and O. A. Andreassen and G. Davey Smith and P. R. Njolstad and R. E. Brandlistuen and H. Ask and G. Hemani and K. K. Ong and Z. Kutalik and A. K. S. Havdahl and M. Vaudel and S. Johansson},
howpublished = {medRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.64898/2026.09.02.26362007},
url = {https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.02.26362007v1},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Genetic and behavioural architecture of childhood eating behaviour and links to obesity risk
AU - R. Karimi
AU - M. Baur
AU - G. M. Power
AU - J. H. Sundfjord
AU - N. Fragoso-Bargas
AU - L. Clement
AU - O. A. Andreassen
AU - G. Davey Smith
AU - P. R. Njolstad
AU - R. E. Brandlistuen
AU - H. Ask
AU - G. Hemani
AU - K. K. Ong
AU - Z. Kutalik
AU - A. K. S. Havdahl
AU - M. Vaudel
AU - S. Johansson
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/02
PB - medRxiv
DO - 10.64898/2026.09.02.26362007
UR - https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.02.26362007v1
AB - Background/ObjectivesChildhood appetitive traits are heritable behavioural phenotypes hypothesized to link genetic susceptibility to obesity risk. Yet their genetic architecture and role in mediating polygenic adiposity risk remain poorly understood. MethodsWe conducted the largest survey of childhood eating behaviour to date, allowing us to perform genome-wide association studies of six appetitive domains derived from 18 items of the parent-reported Childrens Eating Behaviour Questionnaire in up to 31,018 eight-year-old children from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A trio-based design enabled decomposition of direct and indirect genetic effects on appetite and BMI. ResultsWe identified ten independent genome-wide significant loci for childhood eating behaviour, primarily across Food Responsiveness, Satiety Responsiveness, and Food Fussiness, eight of which lie at established childhood or adult BMI loci. Food Responsiveness and Satiety Responsiveness showed both phenotypic and genetic correlations with BMI trajectories from early childhood through adolescence. Statistical mediation analyses indicated that 22.1% and 10.4% of the aggregated genetic association with BMI at age 8 could be decomposed through these traits, respectively. Locus-specific patterns further suggested mechanistic pathways, with the FTO locus acting predominantly via Food Responsiveness, and the ADCY3 locus via Satiety Responsiveness. Trio analyses demonstrated that both BMI and eating behaviour associations were predominantly explained by childrens inherited alleles, with minimal contribution from indirect effect from parental adiposity, although parental genetic liability influenced reporting of Satiety Responsiveness. ConclusionsChildhood appetitive traits capture a substantial proportion of genetic susceptibility to adiposity through distinct eating behaviour pathways (under standard mediation assumptions). These effects are primarily driven by the childs own genotype rather than indirect parental influences, positioning appetite as a plausible, biologically grounded target for early obesity prevention.
ER -