Non-Perturbative Approach to Gravitational Particle Production in the Inflation-Kination Transition: Surveying a Wide Range of the Parameter Space
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the gravitational particle production (GPP) as a natural reheating channel in time-dependent backgrounds. We focus on reheating in an inflation-kination background. To maintain generality across inflationary models, we use a continuous scale-factor function that produces this transition and has been proposed in the literature. In this scenario, the gravitational reheating channel arises from the gravitational excitation of a superheavy spectator scalar field with Ricci-matter gravitational coupling. Besides all the perturbative approaches, a recently proposed non-perturbative one that uses the notion of the adiabatic vacuum has also been applied to the case of superheavy particles. Although the effect of the mass of the field on the reheating temperature has been investigated, the impact of the non-conformal values of the gravitational coupling constant on the GPP rate is not considered. Hence, we modify the non-perturbative approach in such a way that both effects can be traced. Three parameters affect the reheating temperature in this case: the bare mass of the field, the gravitational coupling constant, and the transition time. In this paper, the effect of each of these parameters alone on the resultant reheating temperature, as well as the combined effects of these parameters, is studied. Taking into account all involved parameters and surveying a wide range of the 3D parameter space, the highest reheating temperature possible is obtained. All of the aforementioned investigations are done based on numerical calculations, and we obtain that the highest possible reheating temperature is quite sufficient for the universe to enter the Hot Big-Bang era. For the sake of completeness, we study the GPP in such a transition using an analytical method in an independent, parallel, solvable model. This analysis is presented only as a mathematical tool.
Related
- Ultra-slow-roll Inflation with Non-perturbative Non-Gaussianity and Scalar Induced Gravitational Waves
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- Perturbative aspects of the electroweak phase transition with a complex singlet and implications for gravitational wave predictions
- Axion Inflation: Perturbative control in the strong backreaction regime
- Revisiting Critical Higgs Inflation: Electroweak Couplings, CMB Observables, and Perturbative Unitarity
BibTeX
@misc{nikandish2026nonperturbative,
title = {{Non-Perturbative Approach to Gravitational Particle Production in the Inflation-Kination Transition: Surveying a Wide Range of the Parameter Space}},
author = {Amirsalar Nikandish and Shiva Rostam Zadeh and Nematollah Riazi},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.36137},
eprint = {2610.36137},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36137},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Non-Perturbative Approach to Gravitational Particle Production in the Inflation-Kination Transition: Surveying a Wide Range of the Parameter Space
AU - Amirsalar Nikandish
AU - Shiva Rostam Zadeh
AU - Nematollah Riazi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/26
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.36137
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36137
AB - In this study, we investigate the gravitational particle production (GPP) as a natural reheating channel in time-dependent backgrounds. We focus on reheating in an inflation-kination background. To maintain generality across inflationary models, we use a continuous scale-factor function that produces this transition and has been proposed in the literature. In this scenario, the gravitational reheating channel arises from the gravitational excitation of a superheavy spectator scalar field with Ricci-matter gravitational coupling. Besides all the perturbative approaches, a recently proposed non-perturbative one that uses the notion of the adiabatic vacuum has also been applied to the case of superheavy particles. Although the effect of the mass of the field on the reheating temperature has been investigated, the impact of the non-conformal values of the gravitational coupling constant on the GPP rate is not considered. Hence, we modify the non-perturbative approach in such a way that both effects can be traced. Three parameters affect the reheating temperature in this case: the bare mass of the field, the gravitational coupling constant, and the transition time. In this paper, the effect of each of these parameters alone on the resultant reheating temperature, as well as the combined effects of these parameters, is studied. Taking into account all involved parameters and surveying a wide range of the 3D parameter space, the highest reheating temperature possible is obtained. All of the aforementioned investigations are done based on numerical calculations, and we obtain that the highest possible reheating temperature is quite sufficient for the universe to enter the Hot Big-Bang era. For the sake of completeness, we study the GPP in such a transition using an analytical method in an independent, parallel, solvable model. This analysis is presented only as a mathematical tool.
ER -