HCV genotype-related serum lipid differences and their adjunctive value for identifying HIV/HCV co-infection in a Chinese male cohort
- 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- 2Department of General Surgery, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
Abstract
BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are associated with altered lipid profiles. This study examined lipid differences across infection groups and their associations with HCV genotype. An exploratory analysis evaluated models for identifying HCV co-infection among people with HIV.MethodsThis retrospective study included 551 male participants: 119 healthy controls, 120 with HCV mono-infection, 156 with HIV mono-infection, and 156 with HIV/HCV co-infection. Generalized linear models compared seven lipid parameters and tested interactions between HCV genotype and infection status. Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, glucose, albumin, fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Multivariable linear regression assessed associations with HCV RNA levels. Three logistic regression models combined age with penalized regression-selected lipid parameters, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), or both. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, calibration curves, and bootstrap internal validation.ResultsAll seven lipid parameters were lower in the HIV/HCV co-infection group than in the HIV mono-infection group after adjustment (all P < 0.05). Adjusted mean total cholesterol (TC) was 3.70 (95% CI: 3.59-3.83) versus 4.53 (4.44-4.63) mmol/L, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 2.05 (1.97-2.14) versus 2.65 (2.57-2.73) mmol/L. Significant interactions between HCV genotype and infection status were observed for TC and LDL-C (P = 0.006; P = 0.008). In the co-infection group, genotype 3 had lower TC and LDL-C than genotypes 1 and 2, with adjusted means of 3.11 and 1.58 mmol/L, respectively. Neither parameter differed significantly across genotypes in HCV mono-infection. HCV RNA levels were not significantly associated with any lipid parameter. In the exploratory prediction analysis, the combined model had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.977 (95% CI: 0.963-0.992), compared with 0.872 for the lipid model and 0.946 for the liver enzyme model. Its bootstrap-validated AUC was 0.975.ConclusionHIV/HCV co-infection was associated with marked reductions in serum lipid levels. Genotype-related differences in TC and LDL-C varied by HIV co-infection status. A model combining age, five lipid parameters, ALT, and AST may provide adjunctive information for identifying HCV co-infection among people with HIV.
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BibTeX
@article{zhou2026genotyperelated,
title = {{HCV genotype-related serum lipid differences and their adjunctive value for identifying HIV/HCV co-infection in a Chinese male cohort}},
author = {Sihan Zhou and Zhaoxiang Du and Xin Liu and Ning Liu and Xingxing Yuan and Lili Zhang and Haiqing Sun and Yu Li and Yan Yan and Yanhua Yu and Gengxia Yang},
journal = {Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3389/fcimb.2026.1930464},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1930464},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - HCV genotype-related serum lipid differences and their adjunctive value for identifying HIV/HCV co-infection in a Chinese male cohort
AU - Sihan Zhou
AU - Zhaoxiang Du
AU - Xin Liu
AU - Ning Liu
AU - Xingxing Yuan
AU - Lili Zhang
AU - Haiqing Sun
AU - Yu Li
AU - Yan Yan
AU - Yanhua Yu
AU - Gengxia Yang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/09
JO - Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
DO - 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1930464
UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1930464
AB - BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are associated with altered lipid profiles. This study examined lipid differences across infection groups and their associations with HCV genotype. An exploratory analysis evaluated models for identifying HCV co-infection among people with HIV.MethodsThis retrospective study included 551 male participants: 119 healthy controls, 120 with HCV mono-infection, 156 with HIV mono-infection, and 156 with HIV/HCV co-infection. Generalized linear models compared seven lipid parameters and tested interactions between HCV genotype and infection status. Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, glucose, albumin, fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Multivariable linear regression assessed associations with HCV RNA levels. Three logistic regression models combined age with penalized regression-selected lipid parameters, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), or both. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, calibration curves, and bootstrap internal validation.ResultsAll seven lipid parameters were lower in the HIV/HCV co-infection group than in the HIV mono-infection group after adjustment (all P < 0.05). Adjusted mean total cholesterol (TC) was 3.70 (95% CI: 3.59-3.83) versus 4.53 (4.44-4.63) mmol/L, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 2.05 (1.97-2.14) versus 2.65 (2.57-2.73) mmol/L. Significant interactions between HCV genotype and infection status were observed for TC and LDL-C (P = 0.006; P = 0.008). In the co-infection group, genotype 3 had lower TC and LDL-C than genotypes 1 and 2, with adjusted means of 3.11 and 1.58 mmol/L, respectively. Neither parameter differed significantly across genotypes in HCV mono-infection. HCV RNA levels were not significantly associated with any lipid parameter. In the exploratory prediction analysis, the combined model had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.977 (95% CI: 0.963-0.992), compared with 0.872 for the lipid model and 0.946 for the liver enzyme model. Its bootstrap-validated AUC was 0.975.ConclusionHIV/HCV co-infection was associated with marked reductions in serum lipid levels. Genotype-related differences in TC and LDL-C varied by HIV co-infection status. A model combining age, five lipid parameters, ALT, and AST may provide adjunctive information for identifying HCV co-infection among people with HIV.
SN - 2235-2988
ER -