Identification and functional validation of the BcFPA, a candidate regulator of flowering time in pak choi
- 1Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry
- 2National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (East China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of China, Nanjing Agricultural University
- 3Aksu Vocational and Technical College, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
Abstract
Background Flowering time is an essential complex quantitative agronomic trait in pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). It exerts decisive effects on crop yield, commercial quality and environmental adaptability throughout the whole cultivation cycle. Uncovering the key genes controlling flowering time is therefore critical for molecular genetic research and genetic improvement of pak choi. Results In the present work, we performed bulked segregant sequencing (BSA-seq) using an F2 segregating population derived from a cross between late-flowering inbred line M1-006 and early-flowering line M2-001 to isolate and functionally characterize the flowering-related gene. Finally, a major-effect QTL governing flowering time was mapped to a 2.62 Mb genomic interval on chromosome A09, harboring a total of 440 annotated genes. Further gene function annotation pinpointed Brap0046500.1 (designated BcFPA), an ortholog of the autonomous-pathway flowering regulator AtFPA from Arabidopsis thaliana, as the promising candidate gene within this target region, which was subsequently verified via polymorphic InDel molecular markers and genotype screening of F2 individuals. Combined sequence comparison and functional assays demonstrated that a non-synonymous substitution in the coding region of BcFPA leads to delayed floral transition in pak choi. Consistently, transgenic complementation assays in Arabidopsis fpa-1 loss-of-function mutants verified that the wild-type BcFPA allele was sufficient to rescue the late-flowering phenotype and restore normal flowering. Moreover, overexpression of BcFPA in transgenic pak choi significantly accelerated flowering, further corroborating its positive regulatory role in floral initiation. Conclusions This research systematically reveals the genetic mechanism responsible for natural flowering time variation in Brassica rapa. The identified BcFPA gene and its linked molecular markers can serve as important genetic resources for marker-assisted selective breeding, facilitating the breeding of new pak choi varieties with optimal flowering traits.
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BibTeX
@article{tang2026identification,
title = {{Identification and functional validation of the BcFPA, a candidate regulator of flowering time in pak choi}},
author = {Weihua Tang and Prosper Ndericimpaye and Qi Pan and Meiqing Jiang and Shutong Zhou and Xinran Zhao and Ying He},
journal = {BMC Plant Biology},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1186/s12870-026-09561-z},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09561-z},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Identification and functional validation of the BcFPA, a candidate regulator of flowering time in pak choi
AU - Weihua Tang
AU - Prosper Ndericimpaye
AU - Qi Pan
AU - Meiqing Jiang
AU - Shutong Zhou
AU - Xinran Zhao
AU - Ying He
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - BMC Plant Biology
DO - 10.1186/s12870-026-09561-z
UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-09561-z
AB - Background Flowering time is an essential complex quantitative agronomic trait in pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis). It exerts decisive effects on crop yield, commercial quality and environmental adaptability throughout the whole cultivation cycle. Uncovering the key genes controlling flowering time is therefore critical for molecular genetic research and genetic improvement of pak choi. Results In the present work, we performed bulked segregant sequencing (BSA-seq) using an F2 segregating population derived from a cross between late-flowering inbred line M1-006 and early-flowering line M2-001 to isolate and functionally characterize the flowering-related gene. Finally, a major-effect QTL governing flowering time was mapped to a 2.62 Mb genomic interval on chromosome A09, harboring a total of 440 annotated genes. Further gene function annotation pinpointed Brap0046500.1 (designated BcFPA), an ortholog of the autonomous-pathway flowering regulator AtFPA from Arabidopsis thaliana, as the promising candidate gene within this target region, which was subsequently verified via polymorphic InDel molecular markers and genotype screening of F2 individuals. Combined sequence comparison and functional assays demonstrated that a non-synonymous substitution in the coding region of BcFPA leads to delayed floral transition in pak choi. Consistently, transgenic complementation assays in Arabidopsis fpa-1 loss-of-function mutants verified that the wild-type BcFPA allele was sufficient to rescue the late-flowering phenotype and restore normal flowering. Moreover, overexpression of BcFPA in transgenic pak choi significantly accelerated flowering, further corroborating its positive regulatory role in floral initiation. Conclusions This research systematically reveals the genetic mechanism responsible for natural flowering time variation in Brassica rapa. The identified BcFPA gene and its linked molecular markers can serve as important genetic resources for marker-assisted selective breeding, facilitating the breeding of new pak choi varieties with optimal flowering traits.
SN - 1471-2229
ER -