The collective dynamics of online harassment
Abstract
Fringe online message boards are often studied in the context of the extreme ideology that they produce. So far, however, not much of this research has focused on direct real-world harm in the all-too-common form of collective harassment. We directly analyze the complex dynamics of KiwiFarms, an online message board dedicated largely to the harassment of individuals from vulnerable communities. We conduct exploratory analyses of the hyperlink structure of the platform and linguistic changes over time, and prospective modeling of thread size. After establishing this broader picture of the complex traits of the system, we observe the temporal evolution of community-specific vocabulary, finding that the community's framing of their harassment targets persistently evokes more danger in the early 2020s than the late 2010s. We lastly find that early thread-growth behavior is predictive of longer-term thread virality. We discuss the implications for broader understanding of toxic online behavior and threat assessment, and make the case for studying fringe platforms as complex systems with significant societal impact.
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BibTeX
@misc{emery2026collective,
title = {{The collective dynamics of online harassment}},
author = {Benjamin Freixas Emery and Brian C. Keegan},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.05754},
eprint = {2609.05754},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05754},
note = {CC BY-NC-SA 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - The collective dynamics of online harassment
AU - Benjamin Freixas Emery
AU - Brian C. Keegan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/04
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.05754
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05754
AB - Fringe online message boards are often studied in the context of the extreme ideology that they produce. So far, however, not much of this research has focused on direct real-world harm in the all-too-common form of collective harassment. We directly analyze the complex dynamics of KiwiFarms, an online message board dedicated largely to the harassment of individuals from vulnerable communities. We conduct exploratory analyses of the hyperlink structure of the platform and linguistic changes over time, and prospective modeling of thread size. After establishing this broader picture of the complex traits of the system, we observe the temporal evolution of community-specific vocabulary, finding that the community's framing of their harassment targets persistently evokes more danger in the early 2020s than the late 2010s. We lastly find that early thread-growth behavior is predictive of longer-term thread virality. We discuss the implications for broader understanding of toxic online behavior and threat assessment, and make the case for studying fringe platforms as complex systems with significant societal impact.
ER -