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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Metabolite Profiling of Young Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Shoots at Different Harvest Times

  • Joanna Kapusta-Duch1
  • Barbara Kusznierewicz2
  • Barbara Borczak1
  • Elżbieta Jędrszczyk3
  • Teresa Leszczyńska1
  1. 1Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
  2. 2Department Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology of Food, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdanskń, Poland
  3. 3Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an oilseed plant species within the Asteraceae family. It is cultivated on a large scale and is widely used in traditional herbal medicine. However, information on changes in the metabolite profiles of young safflower shoots at different harvest times remains limited. Comprehensive metabolite profiling of Carthamus tinctorius L. young shoots harvested at 11, 18, and 21 days after sowing was performed using LC–Q-Orbitrap HRMS. A total of 76 compounds were tentatively identified, representing several major phytochemical groups, including amino acids and related compounds, carbohydrates, other glycosides, phenylpropanoid glycosides, apocarotenoids, hydroxycinnamic acid amides, flavonoids, lignans, and lipids. Exploratory principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed clear differences in metabolite profiles among the three harvest times. Most of the semi-quantified metabolites showed lower contents at the later harvest times, although distinct patterns were observed for individual metabolites. Post-column ABTS profiling indicated that antioxidant activity was predominantly associated with quercetin and luteolin derivatives. Overall, the results demonstrate marked, harvest-time-associated differences in the phytochemical profiles of young safflower shoots.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kapustaduch2026metabolite,
  title = {{Metabolite Profiling of Young Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Shoots at Different Harvest Times}},
  author = {Joanna Kapusta-Duch and Barbara Kusznierewicz and Barbara Borczak and Elżbieta Jędrszczyk and Teresa Leszczyńska},
  journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3390/ijms272110029},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/10029},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Metabolite Profiling of Young Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Shoots at Different Harvest Times
AU  - Joanna Kapusta-Duch
AU  - Barbara Kusznierewicz
AU  - Barbara Borczak
AU  - Elżbieta Jędrszczyk
AU  - Teresa Leszczyńska
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/09
JO  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO  - 10.3390/ijms272110029
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/10029
AB  - Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an oilseed plant species within the Asteraceae family. It is cultivated on a large scale and is widely used in traditional herbal medicine. However, information on changes in the metabolite profiles of young safflower shoots at different harvest times remains limited. Comprehensive metabolite profiling of Carthamus tinctorius L. young shoots harvested at 11, 18, and 21 days after sowing was performed using LC–Q-Orbitrap HRMS. A total of 76 compounds were tentatively identified, representing several major phytochemical groups, including amino acids and related compounds, carbohydrates, other glycosides, phenylpropanoid glycosides, apocarotenoids, hydroxycinnamic acid amides, flavonoids, lignans, and lipids. Exploratory principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed clear differences in metabolite profiles among the three harvest times. Most of the semi-quantified metabolites showed lower contents at the later harvest times, although distinct patterns were observed for individual metabolites. Post-column ABTS profiling indicated that antioxidant activity was predominantly associated with quercetin and luteolin derivatives. Overall, the results demonstrate marked, harvest-time-associated differences in the phytochemical profiles of young safflower shoots.
SN  - 1422-0067
ER  -