Electrophysiology of the Camel Heart: A Systematic Review of Evidence from Camelus dromedarius.
- 1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.
- 2Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.
- 3National Medical Library, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to synthesise the available evidence on dromedary-camel electrocardiographic (ECG) measurements, rhythm, and conduction while distinguishing direct electrophysiological studies from supporting cardiovascular reports. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and supplementary sources were searched from inception to 22 December 2025. During revision, the research librarian verified that the saved strategies contained the principal ECG and conduction terms. This verification did not retrieve or screen additional database records. Results: Fifteen primary studies met the eligibility criteria, all involving Camelus dromedarius. Six provided direct ECG or electrical telemetry data, whereas nine provided supporting heart rate, Doppler, echocardiographic, or haemodynamic data that were not used to derive ECG intervals or arrhythmia frequency. Direct studies reported low resting heart rates, atrioventricular conduction times (PR intervals) of approximately 180-260 ms, and drug-associated rhythm or conduction abnormalities. Lead configuration, animal position, recording duration, sampling, and outcome reporting varied substantially. Biological sex was incompletely reported, and no study compared males with females. Conclusions: The directly measured ECG findings are preliminary descriptors rather than validated reference intervals. Confidence is limited by small samples, methodological heterogeneity, the dated search, and possible loss of baseline studies through the executed exposure/context block. The conclusions apply only to Camelus dromedarius. Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD420251169514.
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BibTeX
@article{alshamsi2026electrophysiology,
title = {{Electrophysiology of the Camel Heart: A Systematic Review of Evidence from Camelus dromedarius.}},
author = {Alyazia Alshamsi and Jawaher Abdulhakim and Mariam Alnuaimi and Azhar T Rahma and Reem AlSheryani and Ismail Elkonaisi and Frank C Howarth},
journal = {Biology},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/biology15191711},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883384},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Electrophysiology of the Camel Heart: A Systematic Review of Evidence from Camelus dromedarius.
AU - Alyazia Alshamsi
AU - Jawaher Abdulhakim
AU - Mariam Alnuaimi
AU - Azhar T Rahma
AU - Reem AlSheryani
AU - Ismail Elkonaisi
AU - Frank C Howarth
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/26
JO - Biology
DO - 10.3390/biology15191711
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883384
AB - Objective: We aimed to synthesise the available evidence on dromedary-camel electrocardiographic (ECG) measurements, rhythm, and conduction while distinguishing direct electrophysiological studies from supporting cardiovascular reports. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and supplementary sources were searched from inception to 22 December 2025. During revision, the research librarian verified that the saved strategies contained the principal ECG and conduction terms. This verification did not retrieve or screen additional database records. Results: Fifteen primary studies met the eligibility criteria, all involving Camelus dromedarius. Six provided direct ECG or electrical telemetry data, whereas nine provided supporting heart rate, Doppler, echocardiographic, or haemodynamic data that were not used to derive ECG intervals or arrhythmia frequency. Direct studies reported low resting heart rates, atrioventricular conduction times (PR intervals) of approximately 180-260 ms, and drug-associated rhythm or conduction abnormalities. Lead configuration, animal position, recording duration, sampling, and outcome reporting varied substantially. Biological sex was incompletely reported, and no study compared males with females. Conclusions: The directly measured ECG findings are preliminary descriptors rather than validated reference intervals. Confidence is limited by small samples, methodological heterogeneity, the dated search, and possible loss of baseline studies through the executed exposure/context block. The conclusions apply only to Camelus dromedarius. Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD420251169514.
SN - 2079-7737
ER -