Layer-by-layer coating of electrosprayed Bacillus coagulans using niosomes and casein/gum arabic complexes induced by ultrasound and microwave-assisted interactions
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, ShQ.C, Islamic Azad University
- 2Department of Plant Production and Genetics, ShQ.C, Islamic Azad University
Abstract
Probiotics are highly sensitive to adverse factors, so their use in many products is a serious challenge. This research aims to create layer-by-layer coatings based on niosomes and casein/gum arabic complexes to produce electrosprayed Bacillus coagulans nanoparticles. The complexes were first performed through ultrasonic pre-treatment and subsequently completed with a secondary microwave treatment (150, 350, and 550 W). The complexes formed at 350 W microwave power were validated by FTIR, revealing the highest degree of glycation and the maximum denaturation temperature (136.75 ± 1.57 °C). Nanoniosomes prepared with Span 20 and Tween 80 exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency. Electrospraying solutions of casein/gum arabic loaded with probiotic nanoniosomes exhibited shear-thinning characteristics, with viscoelastic properties revealing that the G′ exceeded the G″. Following the electrospraying, solutions of 15% casein/gum arabic containing Span 20-based nanoniosomes (97.85 ± 1.64%) exhibited the highest viability. TEM confirmed the presence of a coated structure on the probiotics. The electrosprayed probiotic nanoniosomes formulated with Span 20 and the casein/gum arabic complex exhibited the highest viability. Developing multilayer coatings on B. coagulans, along with their nanocapsules produced by electrospray at ambient temperature, presents significant opportunities to enhance the stability and utility of probiotics in both food and pharmaceutical applications.
Related
- Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided microwave “Near-Total Ablation” for refractory hyperthyroidism: a retrospective study
- Comparative Evaluation of Microwave- and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidants from Parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss) and Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Processing By-Products.
- Novel Palladium(II) β-Diketonate Complexes: Synthesis, Dual Antimicrobial/Anticancer Activity, and Molecular Insights into DNA/Protein Interactions
- Long-Term Outcomes of Interventional Treatments for Lung Cancer Liver Metastases: Transarterial Chemoembolization and Microwave Ablation
- Power coupling and plasma parameters of low-pressure microwave argon discharges in capillaries: comparison between surfatron and striplastron launchers
BibTeX
@article{sheibanizadeh2026layerbylayer,
title = {{Layer-by-layer coating of electrosprayed Bacillus coagulans using niosomes and casein/gum arabic complexes induced by ultrasound and microwave-assisted interactions}},
author = {Davood Sheibanizadeh and Alireza Rahman and Lida Shahsavani Mojarad and Toktam Mostaghim and Touraj Rahimi},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-62339-z},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62339-z},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Layer-by-layer coating of electrosprayed Bacillus coagulans using niosomes and casein/gum arabic complexes induced by ultrasound and microwave-assisted interactions
AU - Davood Sheibanizadeh
AU - Alireza Rahman
AU - Lida Shahsavani Mojarad
AU - Toktam Mostaghim
AU - Touraj Rahimi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - Scientific Reports
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-62339-z
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62339-z
AB - Probiotics are highly sensitive to adverse factors, so their use in many products is a serious challenge. This research aims to create layer-by-layer coatings based on niosomes and casein/gum arabic complexes to produce electrosprayed Bacillus coagulans nanoparticles. The complexes were first performed through ultrasonic pre-treatment and subsequently completed with a secondary microwave treatment (150, 350, and 550 W). The complexes formed at 350 W microwave power were validated by FTIR, revealing the highest degree of glycation and the maximum denaturation temperature (136.75 ± 1.57 °C). Nanoniosomes prepared with Span 20 and Tween 80 exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency. Electrospraying solutions of casein/gum arabic loaded with probiotic nanoniosomes exhibited shear-thinning characteristics, with viscoelastic properties revealing that the G′ exceeded the G″. Following the electrospraying, solutions of 15% casein/gum arabic containing Span 20-based nanoniosomes (97.85 ± 1.64%) exhibited the highest viability. TEM confirmed the presence of a coated structure on the probiotics. The electrosprayed probiotic nanoniosomes formulated with Span 20 and the casein/gum arabic complex exhibited the highest viability. Developing multilayer coatings on B. coagulans, along with their nanocapsules produced by electrospray at ambient temperature, presents significant opportunities to enhance the stability and utility of probiotics in both food and pharmaceutical applications.
SN - 2045-2322
ER -