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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDNutrition & metabolism

Physical activity and metabolic syndrome in relation to incident dementia in UK biobank.

  • Yiqun Li1
  • Xiao Ren1
  • Minglan Jiang1
  • Pinni Yang2
  • Yiming Jia2
  • Lulu Sun2
  • Ruirui Wang2
  • Mengyao Shi2
  • Xiaowei Zheng3
  • Zhengbao Zhu4
  • Yonghong Zhang5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Public Health Research Center, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
  2. 2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
  3. 3Public Health Research Center, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu Province, China. [email protected].
  4. 4Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China. [email protected].
  5. 5Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Industrial Park District, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China. [email protected].
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Abstract

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among physical activity (PA), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and dementia based on UK Biobank.Methods

A total of 220,372 dementia-free participants over the age of 50 had available data for outcomes and exposures components were included. Four PA groups [High, Medium, Low and No Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA)], two MetS groups (MetS and No MetS) and eight joint groups were categorized to explore the effects of PA level and MetS status on dementia outcomes. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the associations between PA, MetS and new-onset dementia.Results

During a median follow-up of 13 years, 4778 all-cause dementia [ACD, including 2997 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 960 vascular dementia (VD) events] were recorded. In multivariate models adjusting for genetic and biological factors, lifestyle factors and socioeconomic factors, participants with MetS had a 25% increase in the risk of dementia. In terms of PA, the incidence of dementia in individuals without MVPA increased by 46%. Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis all showed that participants with MetS and No MVPA had remarkable highest risk in eight joint groups (for ACD, 1.43 (1.01-2.02); for AD, 1.61 (0.73-1.84); for VD, 3.14 (1.60-6.14), compared with the reference group of No MetS-High PA).Conclusions

There is a synergistic correlation of MetS and PA level with dementia (ACD, AD and VD), which is significantly exacerbated in participants with MetS and No MVPA. Even low levels of PA may also effectively decrease the harmful associations between MetS and dementia.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{li2026physical,
  title = {{Physical activity and metabolic syndrome in relation to incident dementia in UK biobank.}},
  author = {Yiqun Li and Xiao Ren and Minglan Jiang and Pinni Yang and Yiming Jia and Lulu Sun and Ruirui Wang and Mengyao Shi and Xiaowei Zheng and Zhengbao Zhu and Yonghong Zhang},
  journal = {Nutrition \& metabolism},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1186/s12986-025-01058-0},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42897564},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Physical activity and metabolic syndrome in relation to incident dementia in UK biobank.
AU  - Yiqun Li
AU  - Xiao Ren
AU  - Minglan Jiang
AU  - Pinni Yang
AU  - Yiming Jia
AU  - Lulu Sun
AU  - Ruirui Wang
AU  - Mengyao Shi
AU  - Xiaowei Zheng
AU  - Zhengbao Zhu
AU  - Yonghong Zhang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/01
JO  - Nutrition & metabolism
DO  - 10.1186/s12986-025-01058-0
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42897564
AB  - Background  The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among physical activity (PA), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and dementia based on UK Biobank.Methods  A total of 220,372 dementia-free participants over the age of 50 had available data for outcomes and exposures components were included. Four PA groups [High, Medium, Low and No Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA)], two MetS groups (MetS and No MetS) and eight joint groups were categorized to explore the effects of PA level and MetS status on dementia outcomes. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the associations between PA, MetS and new-onset dementia.Results  During a median follow-up of 13 years, 4778 all-cause dementia [ACD, including 2997 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 960 vascular dementia (VD) events] were recorded. In multivariate models adjusting for genetic and biological factors, lifestyle factors and socioeconomic factors, participants with MetS had a 25% increase in the risk of dementia. In terms of PA, the incidence of dementia in individuals without MVPA increased by 46%. Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis all showed that participants with MetS and No MVPA had remarkable highest risk in eight joint groups (for ACD, 1.43 (1.01-2.02); for AD, 1.61 (0.73-1.84); for VD, 3.14 (1.60-6.14), compared with the reference group of No MetS-High PA).Conclusions  There is a synergistic correlation of MetS and PA level with dementia (ACD, AD and VD), which is significantly exacerbated in participants with MetS and No MVPA. Even low levels of PA may also effectively decrease the harmful associations between MetS and dementia.
SN  - 1743-7075
ER  -