Protein Intake and Resistance Training Across Clinical Populations: A PRISMA-Guided Rapid Review of Observational and Randomized Evidence
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health and Sport Science, Széchenyi István University, Egyetem tér 1, 9026 Győr, Hungary
- 2Doctoral School of Regional Sciences and Business Administration, Széchenyi István University, Egyetem tér 1, 9026 Győr, Hungary
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 1, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Guidance on protein and physical activity rests on population-wide minima with little differentiation by age or disease. We examined how protein intake and resistance training relate to muscle, function and mortality across clinical populations. Methods: PRISMA-guided rapid review: Fifty-eight logged PubMed queries returned 7544 unique records for screening (the analytic corpus); Europe PMC, Semantic Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov were tested for coverage only. Estimates were extracted by a deterministic script and adjudicated by the authors; random-effects models were fitted within strata sharing an effect measure and contrast, and randomized evidence was tabulated, not pooled. Screening was single-reviewer outside a duplicate-screened sample (889 records); risk of bias was rated in duplicate. Results: In randomized trials, added protein increased strength with resistance training (+2.01%) but not without it (+0.13%); no trial of protein with resistance training reported mortality. Meeting activity guidelines was associated with lower mortality (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.72–0.79; k = 16; I2 = 64%; low certainty). Plant protein was associated with lower mortality (HR 0.76, 0.63–0.93; k = 4; very low certainty). After excluding studies at high risk of bias, the protein strata fell to single studies. The direction of protein–outcome associations differed between populations. Conclusions: Protein with resistance training is a plausible strategy for preserving muscle and function; effects on survival are untested, and population-specific protein ranges are provisional and hypothesis-generating.
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BibTeX
@article{dezsi2026protein,
title = {{Protein Intake and Resistance Training Across Clinical Populations: A PRISMA-Guided Rapid Review of Observational and Randomized Evidence}},
author = {Csilla Dézsi and Viktor Gulyás-Oldal and Ekaterine Paschali and Imre Gálóczi and Sándor Nagy and Károly Szili},
journal = {Nutrients},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/nu18193259},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666671},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Protein Intake and Resistance Training Across Clinical Populations: A PRISMA-Guided Rapid Review of Observational and Randomized Evidence
AU - Csilla Dézsi
AU - Viktor Gulyás-Oldal
AU - Ekaterine Paschali
AU - Imre Gálóczi
AU - Sándor Nagy
AU - Károly Szili
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Nutrients
DO - 10.3390/nu18193259
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666671
AB - Background/Objectives: Guidance on protein and physical activity rests on population-wide minima with little differentiation by age or disease. We examined how protein intake and resistance training relate to muscle, function and mortality across clinical populations. Methods: PRISMA-guided rapid review: Fifty-eight logged PubMed queries returned 7544 unique records for screening (the analytic corpus); Europe PMC, Semantic Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov were tested for coverage only. Estimates were extracted by a deterministic script and adjudicated by the authors; random-effects models were fitted within strata sharing an effect measure and contrast, and randomized evidence was tabulated, not pooled. Screening was single-reviewer outside a duplicate-screened sample (889 records); risk of bias was rated in duplicate. Results: In randomized trials, added protein increased strength with resistance training (+2.01%) but not without it (+0.13%); no trial of protein with resistance training reported mortality. Meeting activity guidelines was associated with lower mortality (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.72–0.79; k = 16; I2 = 64%; low certainty). Plant protein was associated with lower mortality (HR 0.76, 0.63–0.93; k = 4; very low certainty). After excluding studies at high risk of bias, the protein strata fell to single studies. The direction of protein–outcome associations differed between populations. Conclusions: Protein with resistance training is a plausible strategy for preserving muscle and function; effects on survival are untested, and population-specific protein ranges are provisional and hypothesis-generating.
SN - 2072-6643
ER -